{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:51:35Z","timestamp":1793163095695,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","ajicjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T12:51:36Z","timestamp":1733921496000},"page":"458-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Indoor air quality and symptoms of acute respiratory infections and gastrointestinal issues in children and employees in day-care nurseries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1251-5274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Andrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1346-2100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Kolarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Mette","family":"Klingenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene","family":"Stephansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Krogfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Mette","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014635","article-title":"Daycare attendance and respiratory tract infections: a prospective birth cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Schuez-Havupalo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-19981201-06","article-title":"The common cold","volume":"27","author":"Turner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib3","unstructured":"Holm HH. Danish children enter institutions at the earliest. 2011. https:\/\/www.dst.dk\/da\/Statistik\/nyheder-analyser-publ\/bagtal\/2011\/2011-11-21-daginstitutioner. Accessed October 10, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib4","unstructured":"Flyvholm MA, Thorsen SV, B\u00fcltmann U. Frav\u00e6rsrapport 2019, Deskriptiv analyse af l\u00f8nmodtagernes sygefrav\u00e6r i Danmark; 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1332078","article-title":"Reduction of acute respiratory infections in day-care by non-pharmaceutical interventions: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Andrup","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd9149","article-title":"Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses","volume":"373","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00535-6","article-title":"Transmissibility and transmission of respiratory viruses","volume":"19","author":"Leung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2021.0049","article-title":"How did we get here: what are droplets and aerosols and how far do they go? A historical perspective on the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases","volume":"11","author":"Randall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp2241","article-title":"Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for ventilation and indoor air quality","volume":"385","author":"Morawska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib10","article-title":"Impact of natural ventilation on exposure to SARS-CoV 2 in indoor\/semi-indoor terraces using CO2 concentrations as a proxy","volume":"46","author":"Rivas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Build\u00a0Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1080\/00038628.2022.2080637","article-title":"Monitoring CO2 concentration to control the infection probability due to airborne transmission in naturally ventilated university classrooms","volume":"65","author":"Fantozzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archit Sci Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib12","first-page":"70","article-title":"Do indoor CO2 levels directly affect perceived air quality, health, or work performance?","author":"Fisk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ashrae J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib13","article-title":"The impact of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) design features on the transmission of viruses, including the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19): a systematic review of humidity","volume":"17","author":"Thornton","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2023.114313","article-title":"Indoor air humidity revisited: impact on acute symptoms, work productivity, and risk of influenza and COVID-19 infection","volume":"256","author":"Wolkoff","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib15","first-page":"779","article-title":"Mask use and ventilation improvements to reduce COVID-19 incidence in elementary schools - Georgia, November 16-December 11, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Gettings","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb\u00a0Mortal\u00a0Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105537","article-title":"Ventilation and laboratory confirmed acute respiratory infection (ARI) rates in college residence halls in College Park, Maryland","volume":"137","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1087087","article-title":"Increasing ventilation reduces SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission in schools: a retrospective cohort study in Italy's Marche region","volume":"10","author":"Buonanno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12202","article-title":"Ventilation in day care centers and sick leave among nursery children","volume":"26","author":"Kolarik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01644951","article-title":"Infections and other illnesses of children in day-care centers in Helsinki. I: incidences and effects of home and day-care center variables","volume":"19","author":"Ponka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113473","article-title":"Transmission of experimental rhinovirus infection by contaminated surfaces","volume":"116","author":"Gwaltney","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.03.049","article-title":"Early life rhinovirus wheezing, allergic sensitization, and asthma risk at adolescence","volume":"139","author":"Rubner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201405-0901PP","article-title":"Toward primary prevention of asthma. Reviewing the evidence for early-life respiratory viral infections as modifiable risk factors to prevent childhood asthma","volume":"191","author":"Feldman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-024-00694-7","article-title":"Carbon dioxide guidelines for indoor air quality: a review","author":"Mendell","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104789","article-title":"Is CO2 an indoor pollutant? Direct effects of low-to-moderate CO2 concentrations on human decision-making performance","volume":"120","author":"Satish","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2016.08.014","article-title":"Fever of unknown origin in childhood","volume":"64","author":"Chusid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.36.9.380","article-title":"Pediatric fever of unknown origin","volume":"36","author":"Antoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac223","article-title":"Risk assessment for long- and short-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, indoors and outdoors","volume":"1","author":"Poydenot","year":"2022","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-072284","article-title":"Effect of portable HEPA filters on COVID-19 period prevalence: an observational quasi-interventional study in German kindergartens","volume":"13","author":"Falkenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib29","first-page":"84","article-title":"How much natural ventilation rate can suppress COVID-19 transmission in occupancy zones?","volume":"28","author":"Nejatian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Res\u00a0Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12042","article-title":"Association of classroom ventilation with reduced illness absence: a prospective study in California elementary schools","volume":"23","author":"Mendell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043746","article-title":"The influence of ventilation measures on the airborne risk of infection in schools: a scoping review","volume":"20","author":"Jendrossek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib32","first-page":"15120","article-title":"Relationship between exhaled aerosol and carbon dioxide emission across respiratory activities","volume":"58","author":"Moseley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110343","article-title":"The role of air conditioning in the diffusion of Sars-CoV-2 in indoor environments: a first computational fluid dynamic model, based on investigations performed at the Vatican State Children's hospital","volume":"193","author":"Borro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31128-0","article-title":"Viral gastroenteritis","volume":"392","author":"B\u00e1nyai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268822000826","article-title":"Improper handling of vomitus as a risk factor in the human norovirus outbreak in a kindergarten in Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province, China","volume":"150","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib36","first-page":"171","article-title":"Norovirus outbreak in a kindergarten: human to human transmission among children","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect\u00a0Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40077-9","article-title":"Children attending day care centers are a year-round reservoir of gastrointestinal viruses","volume":"9","author":"Hebbelstrup Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.12.006","article-title":"Occurrence of respiratory viruses on school desks","volume":"49","author":"Zulli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib39","article-title":"Association of environmental surface contamination with hand hygiene and infections in nursing homes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Teesing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect\u00a0Prev\u00a0Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.018","article-title":"The survival and inactivation of enteric viruses on soft surfaces: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Yeargin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655324008915?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655324008915?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T13:55:40Z","timestamp":1742219740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196655324008915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196655324008915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-6553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-6553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Indoor air quality and symptoms of acute respiratory infections and gastrointestinal issues in children and employees in day-care nurseries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Infection Control","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}