{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:05:59Z","timestamp":1790856359300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008497","name":"Boston Scientific Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajicjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T11:58:19Z","timestamp":1744199899000},"page":"785-793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Endoscope processing effectiveness: A reality check and call to action for infection preventionists and clinicians"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1807-6324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cori L.","family":"Ofstead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7283-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail G.","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia L.","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry A.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib1","unstructured":"AAMI, ANSI. ANSI\/AAMI ST91: 2021 Flexible and Semi-rigid Endoscope Processing in Health Care Facilities. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation; 2021:1-190."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib2","unstructured":"AORN. Guidelines for Perioperative Practice: 2023 Edition. Guideline for Processing Flexible Endoscopes; 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2023.01.002","article-title":"Reprocessing semicritical items: an overview and an update on the shift from HLD to sterilization for endoscopes","volume":"51","author":"Rutala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.09.013","article-title":"Challenges in achieving effective high-level disinfection in endoscope reprocessing","volume":"48","author":"Ofstead","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib5","unstructured":"HospitalInspections.org. Association of Healthcare Journalists. \u3008https:\/\/www.hospitalinspections.org\/\u3009. Accessed April 18, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.09.048","article-title":"Multisociety guideline on reprocessing flexible GI endoscopes and accessories","volume":"93","author":"Day","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib7","unstructured":"Society of Gastrointestinal Nurses and Associates (SGNA). Standards of infection prevention in reprocessing flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes; 2023."},{"issue":"7 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2023.04.129","article-title":"Tracing high-level disinfection in physician practices to improve safety with single-use disposable flexible endoscopes","volume":"51","author":"Kurtz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2022.06.022","article-title":"High-level disinfection evaluation in the ambulatory setting","volume":"51","author":"Montero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib10","first-page":"332","article-title":"Endoscope channel drying, storage, and conditions after reprocessing: how safe are they in clinical practice?","volume":"89","author":"Garcia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Mex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192113978","article-title":"Adoption of improved reprocessing decreased microbiological non-compliance for bronchoscopes","volume":"19","author":"Tuvo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib12","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Rio Grande Hospital in Del Norte, CO; 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib13","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Virginia Mason Medical Center in Seattle, WA; 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib14","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Rice Medical Center in Eagle Lake, TX; 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib15","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Prosser Memorial Hospital in Prosser, WA; 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib16","unstructured":"FDA. Shirakawa Olympus Co. Cysto-Nephro Videoscope 20600287. Silver Spring, MD: November 15, 2024. 3002808148-2024-10754."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib17","unstructured":"FDA. Shirakawa Olympus Co. Rhino-laryngo Videoscope 20146499. Silver Spring, MD: October 4, 2024. 3002808148-2024-08461."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib18","unstructured":"FDA. Shirakawa Olympus Co. Evis EUS Ultrasound Bronchofibervideoscope 19558016. Silver Spring, MD: June 18, 2024. 3002808148-2024-05526."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib19","unstructured":"FDA. Shirakawa Olympus Co. OES Cystonephrofiberscope 19761963. Silver Spring, MD: July 17, 2024. 3002808148-2024-06480."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib20","unstructured":"FDA. Aizu Olympus Co. Evis Exera III Gastrointestinal Videoscope 20051185. Silver Spring, MD: August 23, 2024. 9610595-2024-16917."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib21","unstructured":"FDA. Aizu Olympus Co. Evis Exera III Duodenovideoscope 17219263. Silver Spring, MD: June 28, 2023. 9610595-2023-09430."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib22","unstructured":"FDA. Aizu Olympus Co. Uretero-Reno Fiberscope 16577055. Silver Spring, MD: March 20, 2023. 9610595-2023-04698."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib23","unstructured":"FDA. Shirakawa Olympus Co. OES Cystonephrofiberscope 17712838. Silver Spring, MD: September 8, 2023. 3002808148-2023-09600."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib24","unstructured":"FDA. Shirakawa Olympus Co. Cystonephrofiberscope 17311538. Silver Spring, MD: July 12, 2023. 3002808-2023-07031."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib25","unstructured":"FDA. Fujifilm Corp. Video Endoscope EC-760R-V\/L 17701856. Silver Spring, MD: September 7, 2023. 3001722928-2023-00055."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib26","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Evis Exera III Colonovideoscope 13837778. Silver Spring, MD: March 21, 2022. 8010047-2022-04725."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib27","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. CYF-V2 Cysto-Nephro Videoscope 13261801. Silver Spring, MD: January 14, 2022. 8010047-2022-01491."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib28","unstructured":"FDA. Advanced Sterilization Products Cidex OPA 15153567. Silver Spring, MD: August 2, 2022. 2084725-2022-00233."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib29","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. OES Cystonephrofiberscope 11453621. Silver Spring, MD: March 10, 2021. 8010047-2021-03529."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib30","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. OES Cystonephrofiberscope 11477490. Silver Spring, MD: March 12, 2021. 8010047-2021-03664."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib31","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Evis Exera II Colonovideoscope 11921732. Silver Spring, MD: June 2, 2021. 8010047-2021-07002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib32","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Visera Cysto-Nephro Videoscope 11272180. Silver Spring, MD: February 3, 2021. 8010047-2021-02189."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib33","unstructured":"FDA. Hoya Corporation Pentax Tokyo Office Pentax Video Gastroscope- I10 Standard 8811666. Silver Spring, MD: July 22, 2019. 2518897-2019-00048."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib34","unstructured":"Terhune C. Oklahoma hospital used dirty gastroscopes on almost 1,000 patients; no infections reported. Thomson Reuters Health News. 2019. 8\/30\/19. Accessed January 27, 2025. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hoya-pentax-scopes\/oklahoma-hospital-used-dirty-gastroscopes-on-almost-1000-patients-no-infections-reported-idUSKCN1VK2OK."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib35","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. OES Cystonephrofiberscope 10934571. Silver Spring, MD: December 2, 2020. 2951238-2020-00520."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib36","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus 522 Post Market Surveillance Studies--Human factors study. Silver Spring, MD: 2020. Accessed January 27, 2025. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfPMA\/pss.cfm?t_id=355&c_id=3693."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib37","unstructured":"FDA. Pentax 522 Post Market Surveillance Studies--Human factors study. Silver Spring, MD: 2020. Accessed January 27, 2025. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfPMA\/pss.cfm?t_id=355&c_id=369."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib38","unstructured":"FDA. Fujifilm 522 Post Market Surveillance Studies--Human factors study. Silver Spring, MD: 2020. Accessed January 27, 2025. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfPMA\/pss.cfm?t_id=355&c_id=3693."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib39","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Society for Microbiology. Duodenoscope Surveillance Sampling and Culturing: Reducing the Risks of Infection. February 23, 2018:1-57. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/MedicalDevices\/ProductsandMedicalProcedures\/ReprocessingofReusableMedicalDevices\/UCM597949.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1814-4379","article-title":"Persistent contamination of a duodenoscope working channel in a non-clinical simulated ERCP setting","volume":"54","author":"Kwakman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E419","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2017-3872","article-title":"Investigation of the efficacy of an innovative endoscope drying and storage method in a simulated ERCP setting","volume":"11","author":"Kwakman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.11.008","article-title":"Higher yield in duodenoscope cultures collected with addition of neutralizing agent","volume":"132","author":"Kwakman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E247","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1991-1391","article-title":"Endoscope reprocessing: retrospective analysis of 90,311 samples","volume":"11","author":"Pineau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16224","article-title":"Significant increased bacterial contamination with endoscope overnight and weekend storage times","volume":"38","author":"Guadagnin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.525","article-title":"A prospective, multicenter, clinical study of duodenoscope contamination after reprocessing","volume":"43","author":"Okamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01897-22","article-title":"High prevalence rate of microbial contamination in patient-ready gastrointestinal endoscopes in Tehran, Iran: an alarming sign for the occurrence of severe outbreaks","volume":"10","author":"Houri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.09.024","article-title":"Microbiological surveillance post-reprocessing of flexible endoscopes used in digestive endoscopy: a national study","volume":"131","author":"Casini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063057","article-title":"Microbiological surveillance of endoscopes in a southern Italian transplantation hospital: a retrospective study from 2016 to 2019","volume":"18","author":"Marchese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.382","article-title":"Both microbiological surveillance and audit of procedures improve reprocessing of flexible bronchoscopes and patient safety","volume":"43","author":"Saliou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.03.002","article-title":"Residual moisture and waterborne pathogens inside flexible endoscopes: evidence from a multisite study of endoscope drying effectiveness","volume":"46","author":"Ofstead","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.04.045","article-title":"Effectiveness of reprocessing for flexible bronchoscopes and endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopes","volume":"154","author":"Ofstead","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib52","unstructured":"FDA. The FDA is recommending transition to duodenoscopes with innovative designs to enhance safety: FDA Safety Communication. FDA Safety Communication. 2020. April 10, 2020. Accessed June 9, 2020. \u3008https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/safety-communications\/fda-recommending-transition-duodenoscopes-innovative-designs-enhance-safety-fda-safety-communication#:\u223c:text=Updat%20as%20of%20April%2010,disposable%20caps%20or%20distal%20ends\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib53","unstructured":"Pentax 522 Post Market Surveillance Studies--Sampling and culture Study. Silver Spring, MD: 2020. Accessed January 27, 2025. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfPMA\/pss.cfm?t_id=355&c_id=3727."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib54","unstructured":"Olympus 522 Post Market Surveillance Studies--Sampling and culturing study. Silver Spring, MD: 2020. Accessed January 27, 2025. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfPMA\/pss.cfm?t_id=354&c_id=3726."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib55","unstructured":"Fujifilm 522 Post Market Surveillance Studies--Sampling and culturing study. Silver Spring, MD: 2020. Accessed January 27, 2025. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfPMA\/pss.cfm?t_id=353&c_id=3725."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01486-2","article-title":"A multicenter study comparing the bacterial reduction on flexible endoscopes without a working channel between UV-C light disinfection versus standard endoscope Washer Disinfection: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Halmans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2024.030","article-title":"Microbiological surveillance result of endoscopes after INTERCEPT Foam Spray: a quasi-experimental pilot study in Singapore","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2024.09.018","article-title":"Impact of duodenoscope reprocessing factors on duodenoscope contamination: a retrospective observational study","volume":"154","author":"van der Ploeg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib59","first-page":"613","article-title":"Voor In \u2019t Holt A.F., et al. Unveiling 8 years of duodenoscope contamination: insights from a retrospective analysis in a large tertiary care hospital","volume":"3","author":"van der Ploeg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib60","article-title":"A new drying method of thermolabile flexible endoscope channels by laminar and turbulent airflow - a prospective, randomized-controlled, single-center, proof-of-concept trial","author":"Michael","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.05.026","article-title":"Investigation of disinfection failure of flexible gastrointestinal endoscope due to Burkholderia cepacia contamination in irrigation tubing","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.04.024","article-title":"The scoop on scopes: microbial culturing and borescope examination of endoscopes to increase patients safety in an acute care hospital","volume":"52","author":"Kinzler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.319","article-title":"Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound endoscope reprocessing: variables impacting contamination risk","volume":"44","author":"Ayres","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2023.10.003","article-title":"Bacterial bioburden of duodenoscope elevator mechanism in different reprocessing stages","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib65","first-page":"198","article-title":"Voor In \u2019t Holt A.F., et al. Effect of novel endoscope cleaning brush on duodenoscope contamination","volume":"6","author":"van der Ploeg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1275","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1897-5000","article-title":"No relation between adenosine triphosphate after manual cleaning and presence of microorganisms on endoscopes after automated high-level disinfection","volume":"10","author":"Kwakman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.04.874","article-title":"Sterile disposable elevator cap (DEC) significantly reduces rate of persistent duodenoscope contamination after reprocessing: outcomes from a prospective surveillance trial","volume":"95","author":"Bhakta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.05.030","article-title":"Nationwide risk analysis of duodenoscope and linear echoendoscope contamination","volume":"92","author":"Rauwers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.12.024","article-title":"Prospective assessment of the effectiveness of standard high-level disinfection for echoendoscopes","volume":"89","author":"Becq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000108","article-title":"Pre-use ureteroscope contamination after high-level disinfection: reprocessing effectiveness and the relation with cumulative ureteroscope use","volume":"201","author":"Legemate","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib71","unstructured":"FDA. Supplemental Measures to Enhance Duodenoscope Reprocessing: FDA Safety Communication. August 4, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.02.016","article-title":"A randomized trial of single versus double high-level disinfection of duodenoscopes and linear echoendoscopes using standard automated reprocessing","volume":"88","author":"Bartles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.06.052","article-title":"Randomized comparison of 3 high-level disinfection and sterilization procedures for duodenoscopes","volume":"153","author":"Snyder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.12.050","article-title":"Results of duodenoscope culture and quarantine after manufacturer-recommended cleaning process","volume":"91","author":"Mark","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.07.057","article-title":"Double high-level disinfection versus liquid chemical sterilization for reprocessing of duodenoscopes used for ERCP: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"93","author":"Gromski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2017.05.014","article-title":"A novel polytetrafluoroethylene-channel model, which simulates low levels of culturable bacteria in buildup biofilm after repeated endoscope reprocessing","volume":"86","author":"Alfa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.08.004","article-title":"Contaminated duodenoscopes in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: sensitivity of detection and risk of underdetection","volume":"101","author":"van der Ploeg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01386-5","article-title":"Uncovering the spread of drug-resistant bacteria through next-generation sequencing based surveillance: transmission of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales by a contaminated duodenoscope","volume":"13","author":"Cimen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib79","unstructured":"FDA. Flexible bronchoscopes and updated recommendations for reprocessing: FDA safety communication. June 25, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib80","unstructured":"FDA. Infections associated with reprocessed urological endoscopes--Letter to health care providers. Division of Industry and Customer Education; April 1, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib81","unstructured":"FDA. Hoya Corporation Pentax Video Colonoscope 18599919. Silver Spring, MD: January 29, 2024. 2518897-2024-00003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib82","unstructured":"FDA. Aizu Olympus Co. Evis Exera III Colonovideoscope 19778907. Silver Spring, MD: July 18, 2024. 9610595-2024-14442."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib83","unstructured":"FDA. Aizu Olympus Co. Uretero-Reno Videoscope 20174539. Silver Spring, MD: September 9, 2024. 9610595-2024-17988."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib84","unstructured":"FDA. Karl Storz SE & Co. Video Uretero-Renoscope 18990028. Silver Spring, MD: March 28, 2024. 9610617-2024-00093."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib85","article-title":"An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections following cystoscopy traceable to a malfunctioning drying cabinet","volume":"6","author":"Derickx","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Prev Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.04.025","article-title":"DS 39 transmission of New Delhi metallo-B-lactamase producing Escherichia coli through a gastroscope from an esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedure","volume":"52","author":"Codman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2024.36","article-title":"Use of whole genomic sequencing to detect New Delhi metallo-B-lactamase (NDM)-producing Escherichia coli outbreak associated with endoscopic procedures","volume":"45","author":"Suleyman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.04.188","article-title":"EP 63 management of a New Delhi metallo-B-lactamase (NDM)-producing Escherichia coli outbreak and large-scale exposure event associated with endoscopes","volume":"52","author":"Gubler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2024.55","article-title":"Evidence of transmission of New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae through a gastrointestinal endoscope without an elevator channel","volume":"45","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.08.003","article-title":"Pulling the plug on a Pseudomonas outbreak: ancillary equipment as vectors of infection","volume":"140","author":"Veater","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.21","article-title":"Identification and control of two outbreaks of unrelated New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli traced to the same endoscope defect","volume":"44","author":"Dabaja-Younis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-00996-7","article-title":"Investigation of possible transmission of a susceptible microorganism through a contaminated duodenoscope; a case report","volume":"10","author":"Kwakman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03915-7","article-title":"Nosocomial outbreak linked to a flexible gastrointestinal endoscope contaminated with an amikacin-resistant ST17 clone of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"39","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cuenca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.02.015","article-title":"Transmission of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa between two flexible ureteroscopes and an outbreak of urinary tract infection: the fragility of endoscope decontamination","volume":"102","author":"Kumarage","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.05.016","article-title":"Independent root cause analysis of contributing factors, including dismantling of 2 duodenoscopes, to an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"90","author":"Rauwers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.05.005","article-title":"An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections following outpatient flexible cystoscopy","volume":"47","author":"Sorbets","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib97","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus America Medical ERCP Duodenoscope 20156426. Silver Spring, MD: September 5, 2024. 20156426."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib98","unstructured":"FDA. Hoya Corporation Pentax Video Duodenoscope 20461509. Silver Spring, MD: October 16, 2024. 2518897-2024-00064."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib99","unstructured":"FDA. Aizu Olympus Co. Bronchofiberscope 19431155. Silver Spring, MD: May 30, 2024. 9610595-2024-10947."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib100","unstructured":"FDA. Aizu Olympus Co. Evis Exera III Gastrointestinal Videoscope 18789100. Silver Spring, MD: February 27, 2024. 2429304-2024-00123."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib101","unstructured":"FDA. Hoya Corp. Pentax Imagina Colonoscope 18390594. Silver Spring, MD: December 25, 2023. 9610877-2023-00279."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib102","unstructured":"FDA. Karl Storz Uretero-Reno-Fiberscope FLEX-X2S 17079692. Silver Spring, MD: June 7, 2023. 9610617-2023-00669."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib103","unstructured":"FDA. Aizu Olympus Co. Evis Exera III Gastrointestinal Videoscope 17044116. Silver Spring, MD: June 1, 2023. 9610595-2023-08305."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib104","unstructured":"FDA. Shirakawa Olympus Co. Cysto-Nephro Videoscope 183688041. Silver Spring, MD: December 22, 2023. 3002808148-2023-14796."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib105","unstructured":"FDA. Hoya Corporation Pentax Video Bronchoscope 16981873. Silver Spring, MD: May 22, 2023. 9610877-2023-00130."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib106","unstructured":"FDA. Shirakawa Olympus Co. Single Use Suction Valve 15157190. Silver Spring, MD: August 3, 2022. 3003637092-2022-00012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib107","unstructured":"FDA. Aizu Olympus Co. Evis Lucera Duodenoscope 15288316. Silver Spring, MD: August 24, 2022. 9610595-2022-01278."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib108","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Evis Exera III Gastrointestinal Videoscope 14789139. Silver Spring, MD: June 23, 2022. 8010047-2022-10669."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib109","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Bronchoscope 13261716. Silver Spring, MD: January 14, 2022. 2951238-2022-00301."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib110","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Evis Exera II Duodenovideoscope 12257429. Silver Spring, MD: August 1, 2021. 8010047-2021-09611."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib111","unstructured":"FDA. Fujifilm Corporation ED-580XT Duodenoscope 12239546. Silver Spring, MD: July 28, 2021. 3001722928-2021-00018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib112","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Evis Exera III Gastrointestinal Videoscope 12180700. Silver Spring, MD: July 16, 2021. 2951238-2021-00363."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib113","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Evis Exera III Gastrointestinal Videoscope 12180793. Silver Spring, MD: July 16, 2021. 2951238-2021-00364."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib114","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Evis Exera II Bronchoscope 9936669. Silver Spring, MD: April 8, 2020. 8010047-2020-02042."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib115","unstructured":"FDA. Hoya Corp. Pentax Fiberoptic Bronchoscope 13447528. Silver Spring, MD: February 3, 2022. 9610877-2022-00227."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib116","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Fiberscope CYF-5 Cystonephrofiberscope 10258578. Silver Spring, MD: July 10, 2020. 2951238-2020-00471."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib117","unstructured":"FDA. Olympus Medical Systems Corp Forceps\/Irrigation Plug 10446531. Silver Spring, MD: August 24, 2020. 8010047-2020-05781."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib118","article-title":"Intensive reprocessing of reusable bronchoscopes can reduce the false positive rate of Xpert MTB\/RIF caused by nucleic acid residue","volume":"37","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib119","unstructured":"FDA. Aizu Olympus Co. Evis Exera III Bronchovideoscope 16960763. Silver Spring, MD: May 19, 2023. 2429304-2023-00127."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib120","unstructured":"FDA. Shirakawa Olympus Co. Evis Exera II Ultrasonic Bronchofibervideoscope 16960986. Silver Spring, MD: June 3, 2024. 9610595-2023-07695."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib121","unstructured":"Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008. Department of Health and Human Services; 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy084","article-title":"Regional spread of an outbreak of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) through an ego network of healthcare facilities","volume":"67","author":"Ray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655325002901?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655325002901?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T13:32:05Z","timestamp":1762263125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196655325002901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196655325002901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-6553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-6553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Endoscope processing effectiveness: A reality check and call to action for infection preventionists and clinicians","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Infection Control","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2025.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}