{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T20:51:58Z","timestamp":1788036718114,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajicjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T16:11:27Z","timestamp":1769271087000},"page":"772-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effectiveness of motivational interviewing for improvement of hand hygiene compliance and reduction of hospital acquired infection in intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Sumalatha","family":"Arunachala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7392-017X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raveena","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeevan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhuvana","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7521-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sriram","family":"Sampath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Kaleem Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinku","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padukudru Anand","family":"Mahesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib1","unstructured":"Key facts and figures [Internet] [cited 2024 December 24]. \u3008https:\/\/www.who.int\/campaigns\/world-hand-hygiene-day\/key-facts-and-figures\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib2","first-page":"805","article-title":"Preventing hospital-acquired infections in low-income and middle-income countries: impact, gaps, and opportunities","volume":"30","author":"Bardossy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.07.012","article-title":"Hand hygiene compliance and associated factors among healthcare workers in selected tertiary-care hospitals in Bangladesh","volume":"139","author":"Harun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2005.022","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care ICU: analysis of risk factors for acquisition and mortality","volume":"60","author":"Myny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103227","article-title":"Healthcare-associated infections in adult intensive care unit patients: changes in epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and contributions of new technologies","volume":"70","author":"Blot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensiv Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730820","article-title":"Impact of hand hygiene on hospital-acquired infection rate in neuro trauma ICU at a level 1 trauma center in the National Capital Region of India","volume":"13","author":"Boora","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1086\/503164","article-title":"Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC\/SHEA\/APIC\/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force","volume":"23","author":"Boyce","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib8","unstructured":"Hand Hygiene: Why, How & When? [Internet] [cited 2025 January 7]. \u3008https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/hand-hygiene-why-how-when\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0634-z","article-title":"Hand hygiene compliance and associated factors among health care providers in Central Gondar zone public primary hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"Engdaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2015.78","article-title":"Factors affecting hand hygiene adherence at a private hospital in Turkey","volume":"47","author":"Teker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eurasian J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2174\/1874434601004010020","article-title":"Hand disinfectant practice: the impact of an education intervention","volume":"4","author":"Sj\u00f6berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Nurs J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1071\/HI11004","article-title":"Predictors of compliance handwashing practice among healthcare professionals","volume":"16","author":"Al-Hussami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Healthc Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2682","article-title":"Hand washing compliance in the intensive care unit","volume":"8","author":"Qushmaq","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02104-6","article-title":"Impact of education on knowledge, attitudes and practices among various categories of health care workers on nosocomial infections","volume":"25","author":"Suchitra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib15","series-title":"Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change","first-page":"46","volume":"25","author":"Miller","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib16","first-page":"441","article-title":"Effectiveness of motivational interviewing in promoting hand hygiene of nursing personnel","volume":"4","author":"Salamati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1225","article-title":"Motivational interviewing interactions and the primary health care challenges presented by smokers with low motivation to stop smoking: a conversation analysis","volume":"14","author":"Codern-Bov\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib18","first-page":"549","article-title":"Motivational interviewing with alcohol-dependent patients","volume":"85","author":"Spaeth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2009.07.003","article-title":"The World Health Organization hand hygiene observation method","volume":"37","author":"Sax","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib20","article-title":"A motivational interview and teach back: effectiveness on the rate of hand hygiene compliance in ICU nurses","volume":"65","author":"Vafadar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S373287","article-title":"Capability, opportunity, motivation, and hand hygiene behavior in healthcare workers: a structural equation modeling","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12426","article-title":"Capability, opportunity, and motivation to enact hygienic practices in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United Kingdom","volume":"25","author":"Gibson Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.02.003","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of a measure of factors influencing hand hygiene behaviour to inform intervention","volume":"102","author":"Lydon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s12053-013-9215-9","article-title":"Influencing the sustainability of washing behavior by using motivational interviewing","volume":"7","author":"Conrady","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Effic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1453-7","article-title":"Evaluating brief motivational and self-regulatory hand hygiene interventions: a cross-over longitudinal design","volume":"15","author":"Lhakhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-1-200407060-00008","article-title":"Hand hygiene among physicians: performance, beliefs, and perceptions","volume":"141","author":"Pittet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1086\/650451","article-title":"Systematic review of studies on compliance with hand hygiene guidelines in hospital care","volume":"31","author":"Erasmus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655326000477?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196655326000477?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T21:49:52Z","timestamp":1780177792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196655326000477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196655326000477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-6553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-6553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of motivational interviewing for improvement of hand hygiene compliance and reduction of hospital acquired infection in intensive care unit","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Infection Control","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2026.01.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}