{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:05:23Z","timestamp":1778083523368,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajo.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,2]],"date-time":"2004-07-02T08:44:52Z","timestamp":1088757892000},"page":"38-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Optic disk appearance in advanced age-related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Simon K.","family":"Law","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Ho","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Caprioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preferred practice pattern for primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"1","author":"Caprioli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am Acad Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30593-9","article-title":"Risk factors of age-related maculopathy in a population 70 years of age or older","volume":"103","author":"Hirvela","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.60.5.324","article-title":"Aging and degeneration in macular region","volume":"60","author":"Sarks","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB4","unstructured":"Ryan SJ, Schachat AP, Murphy RP, Patz A. Retina, 1st ed. Vol. 2. St. Louis: Mosby, 1989;170"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB5","first-page":"795","article-title":"Preservation of ganglion cell layer neurons in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"42","author":"Medeiros","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB6","first-page":"2393","article-title":"Detection of structural damage from glaucoma with confocal laser image analysis","volume":"37","author":"Uchida","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72263-9","article-title":"Reproducibility of topographic measurements of the normal and glaucomatous optic nerve head with the laser topographic scanner","volume":"111","author":"Dreher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB8","first-page":"1993","article-title":"Detecting early glaucoma by assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and visual function","volume":"42","author":"Bowd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070030057028","article-title":"The size and shape of the optic disk in normal human eyes","volume":"108","author":"Quigley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB10","first-page":"335","article-title":"The Framingham Eye Study monograph","volume":"24","author":"Leibowitz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080090066027","article-title":"Subfoveal neovascular lesions in age-related macular degeneration, guidelines for evaluation and treatment in the Macular Photocoagulation Study","volume":"109","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199508000-00005","article-title":"Ability of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph to detect early glaucomatous visual field loss","volume":"4","author":"Mikelberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(98)00037-8","article-title":"Progress in measurement of ocular blood flow and relevance to our understanding of glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"18","author":"Harris","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.2.209","article-title":"Choroidal perfusion perturbations in non-neovascular age related macular degeneration","volume":"86","author":"Ciulla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1089\/10807680151125555","article-title":"Review","volume":"17","author":"Chiou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.11.1435","article-title":"The role of apoptosis in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Dunaief","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199802000-00012","article-title":"A proposed role for excitotoxicity in glaucoma","volume":"7","author":"Dreyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100130295012","article-title":"Elevated glutamate levels in vitreous body of humans and monkeys with glaucoma","volume":"114","author":"Dreyer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB19","first-page":"2633","article-title":"Vitreal glutamate concentration in monkeys with experimental glaucoma","volume":"43","author":"Carter-Dawson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.2.183","article-title":"Vitreous amino acid concentrations in patients with glaucoma undergoing vitrectomy","volume":"121","author":"Honkanen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB21","first-page":"3615","article-title":"Depression of retinal glutamate transporter function leads to elevated intravitreal glutamate levels and ganglion cell death","volume":"41","author":"Vorwerk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB22","first-page":"3589","article-title":"Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporter in human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"35","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB23","first-page":"3444","article-title":"Muller cell protection of rat retinal ganglion cells from glutamate and nitric oxide neurotoxicity","volume":"41","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080080050026","article-title":"Relationship between intraocular pressure and primary open angle glaucoma among white and black Americans. The Baltimore Eye Survey","volume":"109","author":"Sommer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB25","first-page":"2972","article-title":"Influence of experimental chronic high-pressure glaucoma on age-related macular degeneration in rhesus monkeys","volume":"41","author":"Jonas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070010540027","article-title":"Agreement between clinicians and an image analyzer in estimating cup-to-disk ratios","volume":"107","author":"Varma","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939404001473?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939404001473?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T12:46:07Z","timestamp":1757594767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002939404001473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002939404001473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9394","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optic disk appearance in advanced age-related macular degeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}