{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:12:18Z","timestamp":1780373538980,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008880","name":"Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajo.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,15]],"date-time":"2009-03-15T04:12:32Z","timestamp":1237090352000},"page":"1004-1011.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Successful Treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome with Steroid Pulse Therapy at Disease Onset"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Yayoi","family":"Araki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Sotozono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Inatomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Ueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihiko","family":"Yokoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiichiro","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saburo","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1922.04120120077005","article-title":"A new eruptive fever associated with stomatitis and ophthalmia: report of two cases in children","volume":"24","author":"Stevens","year":"1922","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1956.tb12766.x","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: an eruption resembling scalding of the skin","volume":"68","author":"Lyell","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1997.tb02524.x","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severity variants of the same disease which differs from erythema multiforme","volume":"24","author":"Roujeau","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199704000-00005","article-title":"Erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a comparative study","volume":"19","author":"Paquet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.8.1019","article-title":"Correlations between clinical patterns and causes of erythema multiforme majus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis: results of an international prospective study","volume":"138","author":"Auquier-Dunant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(63)90366-0","article-title":"The Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Howard","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1973.01000050378008","article-title":"Ocular aftermath of Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Arstikaitis","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib8","first-page":"338","article-title":"The ocular complications of erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) and their management","volume":"103","author":"Wright","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289903800709","article-title":"Long-term ocular complication of Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Lehman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00900-9","article-title":"Amniotic membrane in the surgical management of acute toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"109","author":"John","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.001","article-title":"Amniotic membrane transplantation in acute phase of toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe corneal involvement","volume":"113","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70273-2","article-title":"The ophthalmologic management of acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Gregory","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64284-8","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are induced by soluble Fas ligand","volume":"162","author":"Abe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01622.x","article-title":"Drug specific cytotoxic T-cells in the skin lesions of a patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"118","author":"Nassif","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07398.x","article-title":"Expression of cytokines and chemokine receptors in the cutaneous lesions of erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"155","author":"Caproni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iio.0000177430.89645.6d","article-title":"Controversy in the use of high-dose systemic steroids in the acute care of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Hynes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61112-X","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a review of the literature","volume":"94","author":"Letko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1984.01390170097019","article-title":"Improved treatment of the Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"119","author":"Marvin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib19","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effectiveness of early therapy with corticosteroids in Stevens-Johnson syndrome: experience with 41 cases and a hypothesis regarding pathogenesis","volume":"73","author":"Patterson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2500\/108854100778250914","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy in an additional 13 cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a total series of 67 cases","volume":"21","author":"Tripathi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb00824.x","article-title":"Erythema multiforme in children","volume":"95","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.40.020189.001033","article-title":"Burn unit treatment of acute, severe exfoliating disorders","volume":"40","author":"Halebian","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.10.029","article-title":"New grading system for the evaluation of chronic ocular manifestations in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Sotozono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00007-6","article-title":"Characteristics of the human ocular surface epithelium","volume":"20","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30811-1","article-title":"Analysis of the acute ophthalmic manifestations of the erythema multiforme\/Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis disease spectrum","volume":"102","author":"Power","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680220104023","article-title":"Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme","volume":"129","author":"Bastuji-Garin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200001060-00003","article-title":"Drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"1","author":"Fritsch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199107000-00002","article-title":"Meibomian gland morphology and tear osmolarity: changes with Accutane therapy","volume":"10","author":"Mathers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-006-0397-y","article-title":"A newly developed video-meibography system featuring a newly designed probe","volume":"51","author":"Yokoi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660120074023","article-title":"Plasmapheresis in severe drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"121","author":"Kamanabroo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00192.x","article-title":"Plasmapheresis in toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"36","author":"Chaidemenos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02989","article-title":"Regulation of oxidative stress by ATM is required for self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"431","author":"Ito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1982.01030040431012","article-title":"HLA antigens in Stevens-Johnson syndrome with ocular involvement","volume":"100","author":"Mondino","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660330082014","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"123","author":"Roujeau","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/428486a","article-title":"Medical genetics: a marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"428","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.09.029","article-title":"Strong association between HLA-A*0206 and Stevens-Johnson syndrome in the Japanese","volume":"143","author":"Ueta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.113449","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3 gene polymorphisms in Japanese patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Ueta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.07.048","article-title":"Association of IL4R polymorphisms with Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"120","author":"Ueta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e3282f3ef9c","article-title":"A European study of HLA-B in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis related to five high-risk drugs","volume":"18","author":"Lonjou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib40","first-page":"550","article-title":"HLA class I and II gene polymorphisms in Stevens-Johnson syndrome with ocular complications in Japanese","volume":"14","author":"Ueta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1401","article-title":"Association of combined IL-13\/IL-4R signaling pathway gene polymorphism with Stevens-Johnson syndrome accompanied by ocular surface complications","volume":"49","author":"Ueta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939409000099?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939409000099?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:39:22Z","timestamp":1762079962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002939409000099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002939409000099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9394","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Successful Treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome with Steroid Pulse Therapy at Disease Onset","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.02.011","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}