{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:24:35Z","timestamp":1788269075592,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajo.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,24]],"date-time":"2012-05-24T00:47:28Z","timestamp":1337820448000},"page":"520-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["Two-Year Corneal Cross-Linking Results in Patients Younger Than 18 Years With Documented Progressive Keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Vinciguerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Alb\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice E.","family":"Frueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Trazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.16.8.792.8989","article-title":"The immunohistochemical composition of corneal basement membrane in keratoconus","volume":"16","author":"Tuori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.22.5.333.5491","article-title":"Expression of type XII collagen and hemidesmosome-associated proteins in keratoconus corneas","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1159\/000055492","article-title":"Altered organization of collagen in apex of keratoconus corneas","volume":"30","author":"Radner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(80)80027-3","article-title":"Biomechanical properties of keratoconus and normal corneas","volume":"31","author":"Andreassen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","article-title":"Keratoconus","volume":"42","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.06.055","article-title":"Intracorneal ring segment implantation for the management of keratoconus: safety and efficacy","volume":"33","author":"Zare","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.02.044","article-title":"Intracorneal ring segments for keratoconus correction: Long-term follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Ali\u00f3","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.08.057","article-title":"Intacs for the correction of keratoconus: two-year follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Colin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02220-1","article-title":"Riboflavin\/ultraviolet-A-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus","volume":"135","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00407-3","article-title":"Stress-strain measurements of human and porcine corneas after riboflavin-ultraviolet-A induced cross-linking","volume":"29","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.12.092","article-title":"Biomechanical evidence of the distribution of cross-links in corneas treated with riboflavin\/ultraviolet A light","volume":"32","author":"Kohlhaas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0410","article-title":"Induction of cross-links in corneal tissue","volume":"66","author":"Spoerl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib13","first-page":"711","article-title":"Techniques for stiffening the cornea","volume":"15","author":"Spoerl","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680490513182","article-title":"Increased resistance of crosslinked cornea against enzymatic digestion","volume":"29","author":"Spoerl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-007-1587-9","article-title":"Enzymatic evidence of the depth dependence of stiffening on riboflavin\/UVA treated corneas","volume":"105","author":"Schilde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180334f78","article-title":"Safety of UVA\u2013riboflavin cross-linking of the cornea","volume":"26","author":"Spoerl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.205","article-title":"Intraoperative and postoperative effects of corneal collagen cross-linking on progressive keratoconus","volume":"127","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20090910-02","article-title":"Corneal collagen cross-linking for ectasia after excimer laser refractive surgery: 1-year results","volume":"26","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.09.048","article-title":"Refractive, topographic, tomographic, and aberrometric analysis of keratoconic eyes undergoing corneal cross-linking","volume":"116","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76210-5","article-title":"Identifying progression of subclinical keratoconus by serial topography analysis","volume":"112","author":"Maguire","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20060601-05","article-title":"Corneal higher order aberrations: a method to grade keratoconus","volume":"22","author":"Ali\u00f3","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20071001-13","article-title":"Evaluation of higher order ocular aberrations in patients with keratoconus","volume":"23","author":"Lim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20071001-06","article-title":"Higher order wavefront aberrations and topography in early and suspected keratoconus","volume":"23","author":"Jafri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197611000-00006","article-title":"New design principles for visual acuity letter charts","volume":"53","author":"Bailey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib25","first-page":"103","article-title":"Report of working group 39: recommended standard procedures for the clinical measurement and specification of visual acuity","volume":"41","year":"1980","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90197-0","article-title":"New visual acuity charts for clinical research","volume":"94","author":"Ferris","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib27","first-page":"2290","article-title":"Current keratoconus detection methods compared with a neural network approach","volume":"38","author":"Smolek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100070044023","article-title":"Comparison of methods for detecting keratoconus using videokeratography","volume":"113","author":"Maeda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib29","first-page":"2749","article-title":"Automated keratoconus screening with corneal topography analysis","volume":"35","author":"Maeda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4676","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0190","article-title":"Zernike polynomials are inadequate to represent higher order aberrations in the eye","volume":"44","author":"Smolek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.02.020","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of posterior corneal elevation measured by Pentacam in discriminating keratoconus\/subclinical keratoconus","volume":"115","author":"De Sanctis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.07.021","article-title":"Reproducibility and repeatability of central corneal thickness measurement in keratoconus using the rotating Scheimpflug camera and ultrasound pachymetry","volume":"144","author":"De Sanctis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.09.033","article-title":"Validity of the keratometric index: evaluation by the Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera","volume":"34","author":"Ho","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.09.013","article-title":"Anterior segment biometry with the Pentacam: comprehensive assessment of repeatability of automated measurements","volume":"34","author":"Shankar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180cfe4f1","article-title":"Reliability of a video-based noncontact specular microscope for assessing the corneal endothelium","volume":"26","author":"Prinz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib36","first-page":"S227","article-title":"The role of amino acids in corneal stromal healing: a method for evaluating cellular density and extracellular matrix distribution","volume":"19","author":"Torres Munoz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S555","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20040901-28","article-title":"Custom phototherapeutic keratectomy with intraoperative topography","volume":"20","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-19930101-10","article-title":"Optics of the corneal epithelium","volume":"9","author":"Simon","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Refract Corneal Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.06.041","article-title":"Contribution of the corneal epithelium to anterior corneal topography in patients having myopic photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"33","author":"Gatinel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.01.091","article-title":"Parasurgical therapy for keratoconus by riboflavin\u2013ultraviolet type A rays induced cross-linking of corneal collagen: preliminary refractive results in an Italian study","volume":"32","author":"Caporossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00343-2","article-title":"Endothelial cell damage after riboflavin-ultraviolet-A treatment in the rabbit","volume":"29","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318074e424","article-title":"Collagen cross-linking (CCL) with sequential topography-guided PRK: a temporizing alternative for keratoconus to penetrating keratoplasty","volume":"26","author":"Kanellopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.12.039","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in keratoconus: long-term results","volume":"34","author":"Raiskup-Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib44","first-page":"644","article-title":"Collagen fibrils in the human corneal stroma: structure and aging","volume":"39","author":"Daxer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20090917-10","article-title":"Effect of aging on corneal biomechanical parameters using the ocular response analyzer","volume":"25","author":"Kamiya","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939412002115?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939412002115?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T13:06:06Z","timestamp":1757595966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002939412002115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002939412002115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.716547847.793470611","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0002-9394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9394","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Two-Year Corneal Cross-Linking Results in Patients Younger Than 18 Years With Documented Progressive Keratoconus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.05.005","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}