{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T16:49:26Z","timestamp":1794242966205,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajo.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]],"date-time":"2015-07-29T17:36:24Z","timestamp":1438191384000},"page":"959-967.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Ocular Toxicity in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated With Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibitors: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Niro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabino","family":"Strippoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Alessio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Sborgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Recchimurzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Guida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib1","unstructured":"SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. SEER Cancer Statistics Factsheets: Melanoma of the Skin. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Available at http:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/melan.html. Accessed March 15, 2015."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","article-title":"Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"363","author":"Hodi","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302369","article-title":"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma","volume":"369","author":"Wolchok","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408868","article-title":"Combined vemurafenib and cobimetinib in mutated melanoma","volume":"371","author":"Larkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1210093","article-title":"Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations","volume":"367","author":"Flaherty","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412690","article-title":"Improved overall survival inmelanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib","volume":"372","author":"Robert","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cmr.0000215035.38436.87","article-title":"BRAF somatic mutations in malignant melanoma and melanocytic naevi","volume":"16","author":"Thomas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-2447","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma subtypes show different BRAF and NRAS mutation frequencies","volume":"12","author":"Saldanha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10185.x","article-title":"Frequencies of BRAF and NRAS mutations are different in histological types and sites of origin of cutaneous melanoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.6096","article-title":"Effect of selumetinib vs chemotherapy on progression-free survival in uveal melanoma: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"311","author":"Carvajal","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2011.645805","article-title":"Targeting the MAPK-RAS-RAF signaling pathway in cancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"Santarpia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.7243\/2049-7962-1-5","article-title":"Ocular adverse effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy","volume":"1","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cancer Ther Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib13","first-page":"673796","article-title":"Bilateral multifocal central serous-like chorioretinopathy due to MEK inhibition for metastatic cutaneous melanoma","volume":"2013","author":"Schoenberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.976","article-title":"Bilateral subfoveal neurosensory retinal detachment associated with MEK inhibitor use for metastatic cancer","volume":"132","author":"McCannel","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu169","article-title":"Transient MEK inhibitor-associated retinopathy in metastatic melanoma","volume":"25","author":"Urner-Bloch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2009.0060","article-title":"PD0325901, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, produces oculartoxicity in a rabbit animal model of retinal vein occlusion","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braithwaite T, Nanji AA, Lindsley K, Greenberg PB. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007325.pub3. 2014.05.01.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007325.pub3"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-200306000-00012","article-title":"Pathogenesis of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"23","author":"Arnold","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib19","first-page":"203","article-title":"Histopathologic studies of ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"98","author":"Knox","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e318177394b","article-title":"Ischemic optic neuropathies","volume":"14","author":"Luneau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.90","article-title":"Neuroglobin protects neurons against oxidative stress in global ischemia","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(97)06121-2","article-title":"Pentoxifylline: its influence on interaction of blood cells with the vessel wall","volume":"131","author":"Seiffge","year":"1997","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199702000-00013","article-title":"Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor and amelioration of brain infarction in mice","volume":"17","author":"Navashiro","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199402000-00019","article-title":"Effects of pentoxifylline on cerebral blood flow, metabolism and evoked response after total cerebral ischemia in dogs","volume":"22","author":"Toung","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.12.064","article-title":"Pentoxifylline treatment improves neurological and neurochemical deficits in rats subjected to transient brain ischemia","volume":"1260","author":"Bruno Rde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939415004596?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939415004596?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T13:15:25Z","timestamp":1757596525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002939415004596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002939415004596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9394","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ocular Toxicity in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated With Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibitors: A Case Series","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.035","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}