{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:36:13Z","timestamp":1790307373595,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajo.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T14:17:50Z","timestamp":1482934670000},"page":"173-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Factors Associated With Surgical Outcomes in Congenital Ptosis: A 10-Year Study of 319 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Yeen-Fey","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Ya","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueh-Ju","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.10.026","article-title":"Incidence and demographics of childhood ptosis","volume":"118","author":"Griepentrog","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2759-3","article-title":"Associated morbidity of pediatric ptosis - a large, community based case-control study","volume":"252","author":"Nemet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2014.01.005","article-title":"Congenital ptosis","volume":"59","author":"SooHoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib4","first-page":"334","article-title":"Amblyopia in congenital ptosis","volume":"26","author":"Hornblass","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.12.015","article-title":"Amblyopia in childhood eyelid ptosis","volume":"155","author":"Griepentrog","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.06.053","article-title":"Congenital eyelid ptosis: onset and prevalence of amblyopia, associations with systemic disorders, and treatment outcomes","volume":"165","author":"Stein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.11.1282","article-title":"Aetiology and surgical treatment of childhood blepharoptosis","volume":"86","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-003-0127-5","article-title":"Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management","volume":"27","author":"Finsterer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32830b88eb","article-title":"Ptosis repair options and algorithm","volume":"19","author":"Cetinkaya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.311","article-title":"Paediatric blepharoptosis: a 10-year review","volume":"23","author":"Berry-Brincat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib11","article-title":"Maximal levator resection in unilateral congenital ptosis with poor levator function","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33714-X","article-title":"Treatment of congenital ptosis by maximal levator resection","volume":"93","author":"Mauriello","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000105","article-title":"Supramaximal levator resection for unilateral congenital ptosis: cosmetic and functional results","volume":"30","author":"Cruz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181ebe1e9","article-title":"Unilateral congenital blepharoptosis repair by anterior levator advancement and resection: an educational review","volume":"126","author":"Harvey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32786-2","article-title":"Levator aponeurosis surgery. A retrospective review","volume":"96","author":"Berlin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2001.247","article-title":"Outcomes of anterior levator resection in congenital blepharoptosis","volume":"15","author":"Cates","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1586\/17469899.2015.991389","article-title":"Controversies and advances in the management of congenital ptosis","volume":"10","author":"Mokhtarzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2012.09.010","article-title":"Ben Simon GJ. Congenital ptosis repair-surgical, cosmetic, and functional outcome: a report of 162 cases","volume":"48","author":"Skaat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000239","article-title":"Clinical and demographic characteristics of ptosis in children: a national tertiary hospital study","volume":"23","author":"El Essawy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000174","article-title":"The clinical characterization and surgical correction of blepharoptosis associated with congenital aniridia","volume":"31","author":"Peralta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20100106-08","article-title":"Clinical and histologic ocular findings in pompe disease","volume":"47","author":"Yanovitch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000336","article-title":"Blepharoptosis associated with third cranial nerve palsy","volume":"31","author":"Bagheri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-198909000-00004","article-title":"Ptosis correction in the context of the treatment of external congenital ophthalmoplegia","volume":"5","author":"D'Esposito","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib24","first-page":"1687","article-title":"CFEOM3: a new extraocular congenital fibrosis syndrome that maps to 16q24.2-q24.3","volume":"40","author":"Doherty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000242","article-title":"Improvement in levator function after anterior levator resection for the treatment of congenital ptosis","volume":"31","author":"Goncu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.11.017","article-title":"Treatment of unilateral congenital ptosis","volume":"114","author":"Bernardini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib27","article-title":"Maximal levator muscle resection for primary congenital blepharoptosis with poor levator function","author":"Mete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00466-5","article-title":"Long-term results of frontalis suspension using autogenous fascia lata for congenital ptosis in children under 3 years of age","volume":"136","author":"Leibovitch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000304608.33432.67","article-title":"Anthropometry of asian eyelids by age","volume":"121","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000075","article-title":"Update on Asian eyelid anatomy and clinical relevance","volume":"25","author":"Saonanon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2015.10.004","article-title":"Comparison between eyelid indices of ptotic eye and normal fellow eye in patients with unilateral congenital ptosis","volume":"69","author":"Bagheri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1556851","article-title":"Physical evaluation of the Asian blepharoplasty patient","volume":"29","author":"Suhk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000258456.24810.c8","article-title":"Comparison of levator resection and frontalis muscle transfer in the treatment of severe blepharoptosis","volume":"59","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.05.031","article-title":"Frontalis suspension for upper eyelid ptosis: evaluation of different surgical designs and suture material","volume":"140","author":"Ben Simon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.08.049","article-title":"Frontalis sling operation using silicone rod compared with preserved fascia lata for congenital ptosis a three-year follow-up study","volume":"116","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.4103\/2319-4170.113854","article-title":"Analysis of visual outcomes and complications following levator resection for unilateral congenital blepharoptosis without strabismus","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0315_gpitor_2.3.co_2","article-title":"Growth patterns in the orbital region: a morphometric study","volume":"29","author":"Farkas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0308_gpotfa_2.3.co_2","article-title":"Growth patterns of the face: a morphometric study","volume":"29","author":"Farkas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-20010701-08","article-title":"Palpebral fissures changes in early childhood","volume":"38","author":"Paiva","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000689","article-title":"The impact of Hering's law in blepharoptosis: literature review","volume":"76","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13511630","article-title":"Is Hering's law as important in congenital blepharoptosis as in acquired ptosis?","volume":"33","author":"Nemet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939416306109?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939416306109?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T13:34:18Z","timestamp":1757597658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002939416306109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0002939416306109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9394","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Factors Associated With Surgical Outcomes in Congenital Ptosis: A 10-Year Study of 319 Cases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}