{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T09:59:26Z","timestamp":1788170366474,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajo.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T20:32:01Z","timestamp":1507753921000},"page":"75-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Diabetic Choroidopathy: Choroidal Vascular Density and Volume in Diabetic Retinopathy With Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Jay C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"La\u00edns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Provid\u00eancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grayson W.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6683-6818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Talcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o H.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetrios G.","family":"Vavvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deeba","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufino","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","article-title":"Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"35","author":"Yau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"366","author":"Antonetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)34013-7","article-title":"Diabetic choroidopathy. Light and electron microscopic observations of seven cases","volume":"92","author":"Hidayat","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.5.589","article-title":"Choriocapillaris degeneration and related pathologic changes in human diabetic eyes","volume":"116","author":"Cao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib5","first-page":"299","article-title":"Changes in the diabetic choroidal vasculature: scanning electron microscopy findings","volume":"20","author":"Fryczkowski","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.035345","article-title":"Alteration of choroidal circulation in the foveal region in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"88","author":"Nagaoka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1023\/B:INTE.0000031744.93778.60","article-title":"Foveolar choroidal hemodynamics in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"25","author":"Schocket","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib8","first-page":"2584","article-title":"[Association of choroidal thickness with diabetic retinopathy at different stages]","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2013.27.6.433","article-title":"Comparison of choroidal thickness in patients with diabetes by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31825db73d","article-title":"Macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness in diabetic patients","volume":"32","author":"Vujosevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9692","article-title":"Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in type 2 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Querques","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5311","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6875","article-title":"Mapping choroidal and retinal thickness variation in type 2 diabetes using three-dimensional 1060-nm optical coherence tomography","volume":"52","author":"Esmaeelpour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S59395","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in patients with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"8","author":"Unsal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0B013E31822F5678","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in patients with diabetic retinopathy analyzed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"32","author":"Regatieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.08.001","article-title":"Three-dimensional automated choroidal volume assessment on standard spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and correlation with the level of diabetic macular edema","volume":"158","author":"Gerendas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000677","article-title":"Changes in choroidal thickness and corneal parameters in diabetic eyes","volume":"26","author":"Galgauskas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.176024","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in diabetic patients of Indian ethnicity","volume":"63","author":"Sudhalkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4321","article-title":"Analysis of morphological features and vascular layers of choroid in diabetic retinopathy using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"131","author":"Adhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib19","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in diabetic retinopathy assessed with swept-source optical coherence tomography","author":"La\u00edns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.014","article-title":"En face enhanced-depth swept-source optical coherence tomography features of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"121","author":"Ferrara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21090","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21090","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index as a measure of vascular status of the choroid: measurements in healthy eyes from a population-based study","volume":"6","author":"Agrawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0146344","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146344","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) - a novel optical coherence tomography parameter for monitoring patients with panuveitis?","volume":"11","author":"Agrawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e612","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13044","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index - a novel optical coherence tomography parameter for disease monitoring in diabetes mellitus?","volume":"94","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.05.005","article-title":"Vascular density in retina and choriocapillaris as measured by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.07.006","article-title":"Factors affecting choroidal vascular density in normal eyes: quantification using en face swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"170","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.06.043","article-title":"Increased choroidal vascularity in central serous chorioretinopathy quantified using swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"169","author":"Kuroda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6256","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20161","article-title":"Choroidal thickness and choroidal vessel density in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration using swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging","volume":"57","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0160317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160317","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo choroidal vascular lesions in diabetes on swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"11","author":"Murakami","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib29","first-page":"766","article-title":"Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 9","volume":"98","author":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","article-title":"A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms","volume":"9","author":"Otsu","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980615)17:11<1261::AID-SIM846>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Extending the simple linear regression model to account for correlated responses: an introduction to generalized estimating equations and multi-level mixed modelling","volume":"17","author":"Burton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.05.035","article-title":"Choroidal thickness and volume in healthy young white adults and the relationships between them and axial length, ammetropy and sex","volume":"158","author":"Sanchez-Cano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.04.029","article-title":"Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in highly myopic eyes","volume":"148","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0144156","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144156","article-title":"Correlation of aging and segmental choroidal thickness measurement using swept source optical coherence tomography in healthy eyes","volume":"10","author":"Wakatsuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-015-0110-3","article-title":"Swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging of macular retinal and choroidal structures in healthy eyes","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-016-3360-8","article-title":"Diabetic choroidopathy: a review of the current literature","volume":"254","author":"Melancia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00148-2","article-title":"Indocyanine green angiographic findings in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"126","author":"Weinberger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83494","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083494","article-title":"Imaging evidence of diabetic choroidopathy in\u00a0vivo: angiographic pathoanatomy and choroidal-enhanced depth imaging","volume":"8","author":"Hua","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000204","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo assessment of choroid in diabetic retinopathy by enhanced depth imaging in spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"5","author":"Verma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000765","article-title":"Image artifacts in optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"35","author":"Spaide","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.06.006","article-title":"Effect of anti\u2013vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on choroidal thickness in diabetic macular edema","volume":"158","author":"Yiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000381","article-title":"Changes in choroidal thickness after panretinal photocoagulation in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000800","article-title":"Effects of panretinal photocoagulation on choroidal thickness and choroidal blood flow in patients with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"36","author":"Okamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16226","article-title":"Changes in choroidal thickness after panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: a 12-week longitudinal study","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939417304221?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939417304221?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:40:41Z","timestamp":1762080041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002939417304221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0002939417304221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9394","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diabetic Choroidopathy: Choroidal Vascular Density and Volume in Diabetic Retinopathy With Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}