{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:09:31Z","timestamp":1778641771806,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015003","name":"Australian Capital Territory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajo.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T18:58:42Z","timestamp":1566932322000},"page":"117-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Modeling Changes in Corneal Parameters With Age: Implications for Corneal Disease Detection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"Janelle","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9933-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Phu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kalloniatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7470-6298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Zangerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib1","first-page":"2019","article-title":"Keratoconus: current perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Vazirani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.06.009","article-title":"A review of keratoconus: Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and genetics","volume":"62","author":"Mas Tur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000408","article-title":"Global consensus on keratoconus and ectatic diseases","volume":"34","author":"Gomes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.06.025","article-title":"Corneal-thickness spatial profile and corneal-volume distribution: tomographic indices to detect keratoconus","volume":"32","author":"Ambr\u00f3sio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305120","article-title":"Early diagnosis of keratoconus: what difference is it making?","volume":"98","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez P\u00e9rez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3424","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4960","article-title":"Detection of subclinical keratoconus by using corneal anterior and posterior surface aberrations and thickness spatial profiles","volume":"51","author":"Buhren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.06.031","article-title":"Keratoconus screening indices and their diagnostic ability to distinguish normal from ectatic corneas","volume":"181","author":"Shetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20030101-05","article-title":"Corneal topographic and pachymetric screening of keratorefractive patients","volume":"19","author":"Ambr\u00f3sio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20030301-05","article-title":"Precision of flap measurements for laser in\u00a0situ keratomileusis in 4428 eyes","volume":"19","author":"Flanagan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2015.03.009","article-title":"Analysis of age, refractive error and gender related changes of the cornea and the anterior segment of the eye with Scheimpflug imaging","volume":"38","author":"Orucoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.06.050","article-title":"Scheimpflug photography-based clinical characterization of the correlation of the corneal shape between the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces in the normal human eye","volume":"38","author":"Montalb\u00e1n","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200104000-00007","article-title":"Gender- and age-related differences in corneal topography","volume":"20","author":"Goto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.18.5.368.5347","article-title":"Factors affecting the central corneal thickness of Hong Kong-Chinese","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.01.021","article-title":"Corneal thickness profile and posterior corneal astigmatism in normal corneas","volume":"122","author":"Ueno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-005-5017-1","article-title":"Caucasian emmetropic aged subjects have reduced corneal thickness values. Emmetropia, CCT and age","volume":"25","author":"Sanchis-Gimeno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib16","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Age-related changes in central corneal thickness in normal eyes among the adult Lithuanian population","volume":"9","author":"Galgauskas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dove Press"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20140218-01","article-title":"Age-related changes in anterior, posterior, and total corneal astigmatism","volume":"30","author":"Ueno","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181fb880c","article-title":"Relationship of age and refraction to central corneal thickness","volume":"30","author":"Prasad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000240095.95067.3f","article-title":"Age-related changes in central and peripheral corneal thickness. Determination of normal values with the Orbscan II topography system","volume":"26","author":"R\u00fcfer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.06.013","article-title":"Central corneal thickness of Caucasians, Chinese, Hispanics, Filipinos, African Americans, and Japanese in a glaucoma clinic","volume":"111","author":"Aghaian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21450","article-title":"Pattern recognition analysis of age-related retinal ganglion cell signatures in the human eye","volume":"58","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4863","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22371","article-title":"Pattern recognition analysis reveals unique contrast sensitivity isocontours using static perimetry thresholds across the visual field","volume":"58","author":"Phu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.5.3","article-title":"Application of pattern recognition analysis to optimize hemifield asymmetry patterns for early detection of glaucoma","volume":"7","author":"Phu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13856","article-title":"Hierarchical cluster analysis of progression patterns in open-angle glaucoma patients with medical treatment","volume":"55","author":"Bae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000159","article-title":"A hierarchical cluster analysis of normal-tension glaucoma using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography parameters","volume":"24","author":"Bae","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098525","article-title":"Mapping glaucoma patients\u2019 30-2 and 10-2 visual fields reveals clusters of test points damaged in the 10-2 grid that are not sampled in the sparse 30-2 grid","volume":"9","author":"Asaoka","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31817f815a","article-title":"Keratoconus clinical findings according to different age and gender groups","volume":"27","author":"Ertan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.04.006","article-title":"Keratoconus: a review","volume":"33","author":"Romero-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.116059","article-title":"Scheimpflug imaging for keratoconus and ectatic disease","volume":"61","author":"Belin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2008.01821.x","article-title":"An introduction to understanding elevation-based topography: how elevation data are displayed - a review","volume":"37","author":"Belin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000621","article-title":"Variability of different reference bodies in normal, keratoconus, and collagen crosslinked corneas","volume":"25","author":"Labiris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199509000-00014","article-title":"Topographic analysis of the changes in corneal shape due to aging","volume":"14","author":"Hayashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2016.01.009","article-title":"Pentacam top indices for diagnosing subclinical and definite keratoconus","volume":"28","author":"Hashemi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000568","article-title":"Screening for subclinical keratoconus using swept-source Fourier domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography","volume":"34","author":"Steinberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2016.05.004","article-title":"Five year changes in central and peripheral corneal thickness: The Shahroud Eye Cohort Study","volume":"39","author":"Hashemi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000595","article-title":"Age-related changes in corneal curvature and shape: The Shahroud Eye Cohort Study","volume":"34","author":"Hashemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2016.05.004","article-title":"Age-related variations in corneal biomechanical properties","volume":"28","author":"Sharifipour","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3265","article-title":"A novel method for pachymetry mapping of human precorneal tear film using Pentacam with fluorescein","volume":"51","author":"Zhuang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.03.058","article-title":"Central corneal thickness measurement with the Pentacam Scheimpflug system, optical low-coherence reflectometry pachymeter, and ultrasound pachymetry","volume":"31","author":"Barkana","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000373","article-title":"Repeatability of central corneal thickness measurement using rotating Scheimpflug camera in dry and normal eyes","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.02.022","article-title":"A comparison between Scheimpflug imaging and optical coherence tomography in measuring corneal thickness","volume":"120","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318259c98a","article-title":"The thinnest, steepest, and maximum elevation corneal locations in noncontact and contact lens wearers in keratoconus","volume":"32","author":"Romero-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.06.043","article-title":"Corneal epithelial thickness mapping using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography for detection of form fruste keratoconus","volume":"41","author":"Temstet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.01.019","article-title":"Topography-based assessment of anterior corneal curvature and asphericity as a function of age, sex, and refractive status","volume":"35","author":"Scholz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2002.800103.x","article-title":"Central corneal thickness, radius of the corneal curvature and intraocular pressure in normal subjects using non-contact techniques: Reykjavik Eye Study","volume":"80","author":"Eysteinsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.02.005","article-title":"Sex hormone receptors in the human eye","volume":"50","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078002146.x","article-title":"Identification of androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNAs in the eye","volume":"78","author":"Wickham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.22.1.28.6980","article-title":"Expression of sex steroid hormone receptors in human cornea","volume":"22","author":"Suzuki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2750645","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of collagenolysis in uterine cervical fibroblasts","volume":"275","author":"Sato","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib50","first-page":"3415","article-title":"Inhibition by female sex hormones of collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib51","first-page":"256","article-title":"The effect of pregnancy on corneal curvature","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"1982","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2014.07.013","article-title":"Evaluation of anterior segment parameters during and after pregnancy","volume":"37","author":"Ata\u015f","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S179","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000376","article-title":"Estrogen- and progesterone-induced variation in corneal parameters according to hormonal status","volume":"44","author":"Bahadir Kilavuzoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2012.01.004","article-title":"The course of corneal and intraocular pressure changes during pregnancy","volume":"47","author":"Efe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198703000-00001","article-title":"Changes in optometric findings during pregnancy","volume":"64","author":"Manges","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198310000-00003","article-title":"Menstrual cycle variations of corneal topography and thickness","volume":"60","author":"Kiely","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3129\/i09-222","article-title":"Changes in corneal thickness, curvature, and anterior chamber depth during the menstrual cycle","volume":"45","author":"Hashemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1996.96000130.x","article-title":"Effect of the menstrual cycle on corneal curvature","volume":"16","author":"Oliver","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000244873.08127.3c","article-title":"Variations in central corneal thickness during the menstrual cycle in women","volume":"26","author":"Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.02.042","article-title":"Ocular anterior segment changes in pregnancy","volume":"40","author":"Goldich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090180099043","article-title":"\u03b2-human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, and aqueous dynamics during pregnancy","volume":"112","author":"Ziai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-12-50","article-title":"The distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth in an adult population of Shahroud, Iran","volume":"12","author":"Hashemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.02.025","article-title":"Analysis of biometry and prevalence data for corneal astigmatism in 23,239 eyes","volume":"36","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0328-8","article-title":"Age-related differences in ocular biometry in adult Korean population","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib65","first-page":"1237","article-title":"The relationship between ocular dimensions and refraction with adult stature: The Tanjong Pagar Survey","volume":"42","author":"Wong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001034","article-title":"Relationship between corneal thickness and radius to body height","volume":"94","author":"Jonuscheit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2015.09.001","article-title":"White-to-white corneal diameter distribution in an adult population","volume":"27","author":"Hashemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198709000-00003","article-title":"Reduction in axial length with age: an emmetropizing mechanism for the adult eye?","volume":"64","author":"Grosvenor","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-19960501-11","article-title":"Relationships between preoperative astigmatism and corneal optical power, axial length, intraocular pressure, gender, and patient age","volume":"12","author":"Ninn-Penderson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939419304155?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939419304155?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T13:39:54Z","timestamp":1757597994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002939419304155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0002939419304155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9394","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modeling Changes in Corneal Parameters With Age: Implications for Corneal Disease Detection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}