{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:44:32Z","timestamp":1793364272949,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PF 950\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PF 950\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2846\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2846\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["658\/4-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["658\/4-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["658\/4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["658\/4-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007819","name":"Allergan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007747","name":"University of Utah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002806","name":"Carl Zeiss Meditec AG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016374","name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["O-137.0025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["O-137.0025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016374","name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["O-137.0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["O-137.0022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010313","name":"Heidelberg Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajo.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T19:15:56Z","timestamp":1586632556000},"page":"162-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Determinants of Cone and Rod Functions in Geographic Atrophy: AI-Based Structure-Function Correlation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"217","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9761-9640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Pfau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"von der Emde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Dysli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp T.","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4416-3421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Fleckenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank G.","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3358-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Schmitz-Valckenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60282-7","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"379","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6911","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21201","article-title":"Beyond VEGF\u2014the Weisenfeld Lecture","volume":"57","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.038","article-title":"The progression of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"125","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1988.106","article-title":"Evolution of geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"2","author":"Sarks","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BIO61","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21210","article-title":"Combined fundus autofluorescence and near infrared reflectance as prognostic biomarkers for visual acuity in foveal-sparing geographic atrophy","volume":"58","author":"Lindner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.11.005","article-title":"Determinants of reading performance in eyes with foveal-sparing geographic atrophy","volume":"3","author":"Lindner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.06.006","article-title":"Photoreceptor damage and reduction of retinal sensitivity surrounding geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"168","author":"Takahashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002337","article-title":"Mesopic and dark-adapted two-color fundus-controlled perimetry in geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"40","author":"Pfau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib9","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Spare the rods, save the cones in aging and age-related maculopathy","volume":"41","author":"Curcio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.4.16","article-title":"Performance of a defect-mapping microperimetry approach for characterizing progressive changes in deep scotomas","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e188029","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.8029","article-title":"Estimating retinal sensitivity using optical coherence tomography with deep-learning algorithms in macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"2","author":"Kihara","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27156","article-title":"treatment potential for macular cone vision in leber congenital amaurosis due to CEP290 or NPHP5 mutations: predictions from artificial intelligence","volume":"60","author":"Sumaroka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47565-y","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for morphology-based function prediction in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"9","author":"von der Emde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AMD122","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-23819","article-title":"Choroidal flow signal in late-onset stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration: an OCT-angiography study","volume":"59","author":"Muller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000453079","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of scotopic and mesopic fundus-controlled perimetry using a modified MAIA (macular integrity assessment) in normal eyes","volume":"237","author":"Pfau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BIO158","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21454","article-title":"Effective dynamic range and retest reliability of dark-adapted two-color fundus-controlled perimetry in patients with macular diseases","volume":"58","author":"Pfau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0183-3","article-title":"Mesopic and dark-adapted two-color fundus-controlled perimetry in patients with cuticular, reticular, and soft drusen","volume":"32","author":"Pfau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib18","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Caret package","volume":"28","author":"Kuhn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib21","series-title":"Forest Floor Visualizations of Random Forests","author":"Welling","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19302","article-title":"Automated light- and dark-adapted perimetry for evaluating retinitis pigmentosa: filling a need to accommodate multicenter clinical trials","volume":"57","author":"McGuigan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22339","article-title":"Report from the NEI\/FDA endpoints workshop on age-related macular degeneration and inherited retinal diseases","volume":"58","author":"Csaky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.03.031","article-title":"Geographic atrophy and foveal-sparing changes related to visual acuity in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration over time","volume":"179","author":"Sayegh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X0810201004","article-title":"Foveal-sparing scotomas in advanced dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"102","author":"Sunness","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vis Impair Blind"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib27","first-page":"1905","article-title":"Statistical principles for clinical trials. International Conference on Harmonisation E9 Expert Working Group","volume":"18","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6177","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500646102","article-title":"Identifying photoreceptors in blind eyes caused by RPE65 mutations: Prerequisite for human gene therapy success","volume":"102","author":"Jacobson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib29","first-page":"3200","article-title":"P23H rhodopsin transgenic rat: correlation of retinal function with histopathology","volume":"41","author":"Machida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11286","article-title":"Abnormal thickening as well as thinning of the photoreceptor layer in intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Sadigh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib31","first-page":"1236","article-title":"Photoreceptor loss in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"37","author":"Curcio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2008.622","article-title":"Cone degeneration in aging and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"127","author":"Shelley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib33","first-page":"267","article-title":"Psychophysical evidence for rod vulnerability in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"41","author":"Owsley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22874","article-title":"Characterization of rod function phenotypes across a range of age-related macular degeneration severities and subretinal drusenoid deposits","volume":"59","author":"Flynn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1544","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lampalizumab for geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration: chroma and spectri phase 3 randomized clinical trials","volume":"136","author":"Holz","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4533","article-title":"Tracking progression with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in geographic atrophy caused by age-related macular degeneration","volume":"51","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939420301707?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939420301707?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:27:31Z","timestamp":1777390051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002939420301707"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0002939420301707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9394","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Determinants of Cone and Rod Functions in Geographic Atrophy: AI-Based Structure-Function Correlation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}