{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T09:35:23Z","timestamp":1793957723378,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajo.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:59:31Z","timestamp":1612832371000},"page":"83-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Loss of Vision"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4311-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel Louise","family":"Niederer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay J.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen V.","family":"Danesh-Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.4065\/82.11.1341","article-title":"A population-based study of the incidence and complication rates of herpes zoster before zoster vaccine introduction","volume":"82","author":"Yawn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.03.014","article-title":"Herpes zoster eye complications: rates and trends","volume":"88","author":"Yawn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.10.009","article-title":"Herpes zoster ophthalmicus natural history, risk factors, clinical presentation, and morbidity","volume":"115","author":"Liesegang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001046","article-title":"Prevalence of ocular manifestations and visual outcomes in patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus","volume":"36","author":"Szeto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02352.x","article-title":"Factors affecting visual outcome in herpes zoster ophthalmicus: a prospective study","volume":"38","author":"Nithyanandam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.10.31","article-title":"Herpes zoster: a common disease that can have a devastating impact on patients' quality of life","volume":"9","author":"McElhaney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315551","article-title":"Vision loss in anterior uveitis","volume":"104","author":"Al-Ani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Suppl(1)","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890410519","article-title":"Management of ophthalmic zoster","author":"Harding","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057","article-title":"Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop","volume":"140","author":"Jabs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.03.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: recurrence and chronicity","volume":"123","author":"Tran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.007","article-title":"Incidence of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: results from the Pacific Ocular Inflammation Study","volume":"120","author":"Borkar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.04.002","article-title":"Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: comparison of disease in patients 60 years and older versus younger than 60 years","volume":"118","author":"Ghaznawi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-014-0025-9","article-title":"Ocular involvement and visual outcome of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: review of 45 patients from Tunisia, North Africa","volume":"4","author":"Kahloun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0014","first-page":"584","article-title":"Complications of uveitis: The Northern California Epidemiology of Uveitis Study","volume":"26","author":"Gritz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0618","article-title":"Herpes zoster recurrences more frequent than previously reported","volume":"86","author":"Yawn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00857-0","article-title":"What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster?","volume":"4","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90585-4","article-title":"Herpes zoster ophthalmicus in patients at risk for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)","volume":"101","author":"Sandor","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2003.00057.x","article-title":"Visual prognosis in immunocompetent patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus","volume":"81","author":"Zaal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000129","article-title":"Clinical features of ocular herpetic infection in an Italian referral center","volume":"33","author":"Miserocchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1983.01040010044004","article-title":"Complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus","volume":"101","author":"Womack","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1381272","article-title":"Clinical profile of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in a South Indian patient population","volume":"26","author":"Babu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3126\/nepjoph.v3i2.5271","article-title":"Ocular manifestations in herpes zoster ophthalmicus","volume":"3","author":"Puri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nepal J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr206","article-title":"Comparing shingles incidence and complication rates from medical record review and administrative database estimates: how close are they?","volume":"174","author":"Yawn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939421000647?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939421000647?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T13:45:10Z","timestamp":1757598310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002939421000647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S0002939421000647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9394","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Loss of Vision","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}