{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:34:19Z","timestamp":1787776459542,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729382400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":293,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014450","name":"Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014450","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1EY020522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1EY020522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajo.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T03:09:41Z","timestamp":1689908981000},"page":"143-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antibiotics Versus Placebo for Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Findings From a Cochrane Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"257","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1151-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Hsun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Yen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulugbek","family":"Nurmatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onno C.P.","family":"van Schayck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9350-5478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene C.","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0001","series-title":"Rodt Oye\u2014Practical Guidance in General Practice [Rodt Oye\u2014Praktisk Veiledning i Allmenn Praksis]","author":"H\u00f8vding","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.01006.x","article-title":"Acute bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"86","author":"H\u00f8vding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.04.034","article-title":"Antibiotic prescription fills for acute conjunctivitis among enrollees in a large United States managed care network","volume":"124","author":"Shekhawat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/19.6.658","article-title":"How do GPs diagnose and manage acute infective conjunctivitis? A GP survey","volume":"19","author":"Everitt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.8.12.1903","article-title":"Management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Rose","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001417","article-title":"Bacterial keratitis: isolated organisms and antibiotic resistance patterns in San Francisco","volume":"37","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221106139","article-title":"Bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ocular infection at a tertiary referral hospital in the South of Italy","volume":"33","author":"D'Oria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.06.724","article-title":"Systematic review of antimicrobial therapy in patients with acute rhinosinusitis","volume":"137","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70202-0","article-title":"Comparison of antibiotics with placebo for treatment of acute sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Falagas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0010","article-title":"Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children","volume":"2015","author":"Venekamp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0011","article-title":"Antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis in adults","volume":"9","author":"Lemiengre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0012","article-title":"Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults","volume":"12","author":"Spinks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e542","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp11X593811","article-title":"Acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: who needs antibiotics? An individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Jefferis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0014","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0015","article-title":"Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0016","first-page":"29s","article-title":"Antibacterial effectiveness of ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"112","author":"Leibowitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0017","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","article-title":"Considering bias and conflicts of interest among the included studies","author":"Boutron","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0018","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","article-title":"Assessing risk of bias in included studies","author":"Higgins","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0019","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","article-title":"Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect","author":"Higgins","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0020","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","article-title":"Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses","author":"Deeks","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0021","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","article-title":"Completing \u201csummary of findings\u201d tables and grading the certainty of the evidence","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0030","series-title":"C-00-02. In: Medical Officer\u2019s Review of NDA\u2014Application Number 21-598","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0031","series-title":"C-00-55. In: Medical Officer\u2019s Review of NDA\u2014Application Number 21-598","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0043","series-title":"A study of the safety and efficacy of gatifloxacin in patients with bacterial conjunctivitis","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2165\/11596320-000000000-00000","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of loteprednol etabonate 0.5% and tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic suspension in pediatric subjects","volume":"14","author":"Comstock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.8.1004","article-title":"A phase III, placebo controlled clinical trial of 0.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"87","author":"Hwang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-013-0029-1","article-title":"The safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% used three times daily for 7 days in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"13","author":"Malhotra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0029","first-page":"182","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trail of topical administration of 1% azithromycin eye drops for acute bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"CJEO"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001211","article-title":"Antibiotics for acute bacterial conjunctivitis","author":"Sheikh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0024","article-title":"Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis","author":"Sheikh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001211.pub2","article-title":"Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"3","author":"Sheikh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80566-1","article-title":"Efficacy of topical antibiotic therapy in acute conjunctivitis in children","volume":"104","author":"Gigliotti","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219200200202","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of topical norfloxacin compared with placebo in the treatment of acute, bacterial conjunctivitis. The Norfloxacin-Placebo Ocular Study Group","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0028","first-page":"227","article-title":"Early clinical and microbiological responses in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis with moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.5% (Vigamox\u2122) using B.I.D. dosing","volume":"21","author":"Gross","year":"2003","journal-title":"Today's Ther Trends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2009.03.010","article-title":"Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in patients with bacterial conjunctivitis: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled, 5-day efficacy and safety study","volume":"31","author":"Karpecki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990902837919","article-title":"Phase III efficacy and safety study of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"25","author":"Tepedino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0044","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Conjunctivitis (pink eye): For clinicians. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/conjunctivitis\/index.html. Accessed October 5, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0038","unstructured":"NCT00518089. A study of the safety and efficacy of gatifloxacin in patients with bacterial conjunctivitis (India sites); 2011. Available at: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00518089. Accessed October 5, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-011-0037-x","article-title":"Microbiological efficacy of a new ophthalmic formulation of moxifloxacin dosed twice-daily for bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"28","author":"Tauber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2165\/11632470-000000000-00000","article-title":"Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% administered twice daily for 3 days in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults and children","volume":"32","author":"DeLeon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0042","unstructured":"NCT01740388. Clinical and microbial efficacy of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension, 0.6% in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis; 2013. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT01740388. Accessed October 5, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0036","first-page":"924","article-title":"The treatment of acute infectious conjunctivitis with fusidic acid: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Rietveld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66709-8","article-title":"Chloramphenicol treatment for acute infective conjunctivitis in children in primary care: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"366","author":"Rose","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.01.019","article-title":"Clinical cure of bacterial conjunctivitis with azithromycin 1%: vehicle-controlled, double-masked clinical trial","volume":"145","author":"Abelson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014524175","article-title":"The role of besifloxacin in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"48","author":"Mahvan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00527-7","article-title":"Systematic review of antibiotic resistance in acne: an increasing topical and oral threat","volume":"16","author":"Walsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2022.02.002","article-title":"Survey of state conjunctivitis policies for school-age students","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0048","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","article-title":"Interpreting results and drawing conclusions","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.05.018","article-title":"Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of fluoroquinolone and non-fluoroquinolone treatment in patients with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica bacteraemia","volume":"51","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1177\/8755122519858999","article-title":"Comparison of fluoroquinolone versus non-fluoroquinolone therapy for inpatient treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations","volume":"35","author":"Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pharm Technol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939423002787?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002939423002787?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T13:54:55Z","timestamp":1757598895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002939423002787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0002939423002787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9394","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antibiotics Versus Placebo for Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Findings From a Cochrane Systematic Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}