{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T01:52:42Z","timestamp":1782352362267,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T13:47:41Z","timestamp":1620740861000},"page":"101116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Surgical approach in a case of unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3459-050X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asterios","family":"Diafas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2780-0062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Dastiridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4238-022X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asimina","family":"Mataftsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Ziakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5303-7793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Androudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib1","first-page":"512","article-title":"Unilateral, idiopathic leopard-spot lesion of the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"120","author":"Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.06.033","article-title":"Unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis","volume":"148","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib3","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in a case of choroidal neovascularization secondary to unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis treated with intravitreal bevacizumab therapy","author":"Preziosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000500606","article-title":"Unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis: long-term natural evolution and multimodal imaging","volume":"6","author":"Riga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Oncol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000358426","article-title":"A case of choroidal neovascularization secondary to unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis","volume":"5","author":"Shimoyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2020.89814","article-title":"A rare cause of Type II neovascularization: unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis","volume":"50","author":"\u015eekeryapan Gediz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0000000000000568","article-title":"Presumed retinal pigment epithelium tumor originating from unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis","volume":"13","author":"Gal-Or","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.845","article-title":"Unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis may be a bilateral disease","volume":"130","author":"Renz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0000000000000317","article-title":"A case of unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis","volume":"11","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.1.37","article-title":"Leopard-spot pattern of yellowish subretinal deposits in central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"120","author":"Iida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical experience in a large cohort of patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma in a single center","volume":"26","author":"Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2009.05.003","article-title":"Uveal effusion syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Elagouz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib13","first-page":"430","article-title":"Erstes Anzeichen eines Rezidivs einer akuten lymphozytischen Leuk\u00e4mie [Leopard spot chorioretinopathy. Initial manifestation of recurrent acute lymphocytic leukemia]","volume":"89","author":"Schimmelpfennig","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-0948-5","article-title":"Giraffe or leopard spot chorioretinopathy as an outstanding finding: case report and literature review","volume":"39","author":"Jabbarpoor Bonyadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1159\/000059641","article-title":"Bilateral leopard spot fundus of hypertensive choroidopathy and its visual function","volume":"216","author":"Nakamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.08.008","article-title":"Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium in 77 consecutive patients visual outcome based on macular versus extramacular tumor location","volume":"115","author":"Shields","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13656","article-title":"Slowly progressive unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis leading to severe visual impairment","volume":"96","author":"Krohn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.06.001","article-title":"Collateral damage in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy","volume":"138","author":"Spaide","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181e097f0","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomographic findings in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy","volume":"30","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.12.1658","article-title":"Factors predictive of tumor growth, tumor decalcification, choroidal neovascularization, and visual outcome in 74 eyes with choroidal osteoma","volume":"123","author":"Shields","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000017","article-title":"Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography features of choroidal osteoma","volume":"34","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01609-4","article-title":"Case report: the first case of unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis in China","volume":"20","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib23","article-title":"Unraveled fringe-like margins and biphasic autoflyorescence of unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis","author":"Florakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0181-5512(08)74389-4","article-title":"L\u00e9sion unilat\u00e9rale idiopathique en taches l\u00e9opard de l'\u00e9pith\u00e9lium pigmentaire: une complication fibrogliale tractionnelle [Unilateral idiopathic leopard-spot lesion of the retinal pigment epithelium: a fibroglial tractional complication]","volume":"31","author":"Berthout","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451993621001250?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451993621001250?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T15:00:13Z","timestamp":1762527613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2451993621001250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S2451993621001250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2451-9936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2451-9936","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Surgical approach in a case of unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis and literature review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajoc.2021.101116","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101116"}}