{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:42:10Z","timestamp":1760236930525,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]],"date-time":"2008-10-16T05:27:07Z","timestamp":1224134827000},"page":"537-542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk factors for the occurrence and prevention of temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders: Lessons from 2 recent studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"James R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lloyd","family":"Mancl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1983.0020","article-title":"Report of the president's conference on the examination, diagnosis, and management of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"106","author":"Griffiths","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90111-6","article-title":"Technology Assessment Conference Statement: management of temporomandibular disorders, April 29-May 1, 1996","volume":"83","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90095-0","article-title":"Phenomenology, epidemiology, and natural progression of the muscular temporomandibular disorders","volume":"83","author":"Stohler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib4","first-page":"93","article-title":"The etiology of temporomandibular disorders: implications for treatment","volume":"15","author":"Greene","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1990.0043","article-title":"Epidemiology of signs and symptoms in temporomandibular disorders: clinical signs in cases and controls","volume":"120","author":"Dworkin","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1992.tb01095.x","article-title":"The relationship of occlusion, pararfunctional habits and recent life events to mandibular dysfunction in a non-patient population","volume":"19","author":"Schiffman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720061301","article-title":"A multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk and relative odds of temporomandibular disorders as a function of common occlusal features","volume":"72","author":"Pullinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib8","first-page":"73","article-title":"Occlusion, orthodontic treatment, and temporomandibular disorders: a review","volume":"9","author":"McNamara","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2005.12.021","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders\u2014still controversies?!","volume":"6","author":"John","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib10","series-title":"Developmental aspects of temporomandibular joint disorders","first-page":"53","article-title":"The development of occlusion and temporomandibular joint disorders","author":"Moyers","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359709115422","article-title":"Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders in girls with normal occlusion and Class II malocclusion","volume":"55","author":"Henrikson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70214-3","article-title":"Female adolescent facial pattern associated with TMJ disk displacement and reduction in disk length: part I","volume":"116","author":"Nebbe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(99)70245-3","article-title":"Position paper regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"81","author":"Dawson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib14","first-page":"106","article-title":"Critical commentary 1: the etiology of temporomandibular disorders: implication for treatment","volume":"15","author":"Carlsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1179\/146531205225021222","article-title":"Severe retrognathia as a risk factor for recent onset painful TMJ disorders among adult females","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2005.12.014","article-title":"The relationship between occlusion and TMD: evidence-based discussion","volume":"6","author":"Gremillion","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(85)90303-8","article-title":"Extrinsic trauma: a significant precipitating factor in temporomandibular dysfunction","volume":"54","author":"Harkins","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(91)90355-G","article-title":"Trauma history in diagnostic groups of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"71","author":"Pullinger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib19","first-page":"251","article-title":"Symptom characteristics in TMD patients reporting blunt trauma and\/or whiplash injury","volume":"5","author":"Burgess","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Craniomandib Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib20","first-page":"351","article-title":"A multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis of trauma history and 16 other history and dental cofactors in females with temporomandibular disorders","volume":"10","author":"Seligman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1996.tb01215.x","article-title":"Trauma in patients with temporomandibular disorders: frequency and treatment outcome","volume":"23","author":"de Boever","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910208100412","article-title":"Risk factors for diagnostic subgroups of painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD)","volume":"81","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib23","first-page":"109","article-title":"Critical commentary 2: the etiology of temporomandibular disorders: implications for treatment","volume":"15","author":"Clark","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374910050010901","article-title":"Etiology theory and prevention of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"5","author":"Clark","year":"1991","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(98)70158-1","article-title":"Occlusal adjustment and the incidence of demand for temporomandibular disorder treatment","volume":"79","author":"Kirveskari","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2005.12.020","article-title":"Current evidence providing clarity in management of temporomandibular disorders: summary of a systematic review of randomized clinical trials for intra-oral appliances and occlusal therapies","volume":"6","author":"Fricton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib27","first-page":"87","article-title":"Epidemiology in medicine","author":"Hennekens","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib28","first-page":"27","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology: the study of the outcome of illness","author":"Weiss","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0090","article-title":"Third-molar extraction as a risk factor for temporomandibular disorder","volume":"137","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib30","unstructured":"Huang GJ. Personal communication. July 19, 2006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02746.x","article-title":"Association between mandibular retrognathia and TMJ disorders in adult females","volume":"64","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1989.tb00628.x","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for intraarticular T.M. disorders","volume":"17","author":"Schiffman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib33","first-page":"301","article-title":"Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: Review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique","volume":"6","author":"Dworkin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Craniomandib Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1992.0094","article-title":"Clinical diagnostic criteria for TMD: new classification permits multiple diagnoses","volume":"123","author":"Truelove","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1989.tb01352.x","article-title":"The recognition of craniomandibular disorders\u2014an evaluation of the most reliable signs and symptoms when screening for CMD","volume":"16","author":"Bezuur","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(97)70145-8","article-title":"Management of temporomandibular disorders: concepts and controversies","volume":"77","author":"McNeill","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016_bib37","first-page":"201","article-title":"Epidemiologic methods: studying the occurrence of illness","author":"Koepsell","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540608006409?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540608006409?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:45:46Z","timestamp":1760172346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540608006409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540608006409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0889-5406"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors for the occurrence and prevention of temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders: Lessons from 2 recent studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}