{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T14:17:24Z","timestamp":1793197044399,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]],"date-time":"2008-06-05T08:30:43Z","timestamp":1212654643000},"page":"791.e11-791.e26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Three-dimensional mechanical environment of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo F.","family":"Viecilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Katona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"James K.","family":"Hartsfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Eugene","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib1","first-page":"180","article-title":"Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption","volume":"72","author":"Brezniak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption","volume":"72","author":"Brezniak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"The initial tissue reaction incident to orthodontic tooth movement as related to the influence of function: an experimental histologic study on animal and human material","volume":"6","author":"Reitan","year":"1951","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib4","first-page":"331","article-title":"Tissue changes incidental to orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"18","author":"Schwartz","year":"1932","journal-title":"Int J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.10.007","article-title":"Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force","volume":"129","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(69)90170-5","article-title":"A reconsideration of the propriety of the \u201cpressure-tension\u201d hypothesis","volume":"55","author":"Baumrind","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/23.6.671","article-title":"Tissue reaction to orthodontic tooth movement\u2014a new paradigm","volume":"23","author":"Melsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345650440012801","article-title":"Correlation of bone resorption and formation with the physical behavior of loaded bone","volume":"44","author":"Epker","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.03.037","article-title":"Optimal compressive force induces bone formation via increasing bone sialoprotein and prostaglandin E(2) production appropriately","volume":"77","author":"Mitsui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2006.00340.x","article-title":"Levels of RANKL and OPG in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement and effect of compression force on releases from periodontal ligament cells in vitro","volume":"9","author":"Nishijima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/03008200490514149","article-title":"Cathepsins B and L increased during response of periodontal ligament cells to mechanical stress in vitro","volume":"45","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.8.061505.095721","article-title":"Biomechanical and molecular regulation of bone remodeling","volume":"8","author":"Robling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib13","first-page":"86","article-title":"Optimum force magnitude for orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic literature review","volume":"73","author":"Ren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2004.00116.x","article-title":"Correlation of stress and strain profiles and the distribution of osteoclastic cells induced by orthodontic loading in rat","volume":"112","author":"Kawarizadeh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib15","first-page":"90","article-title":"Numerical study of tension and strain distribution around rat molars","volume":"48","author":"Kawarizadeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840701303950","article-title":"Optimization of microCT data processing for modelling of dental structures in orthodontic studies","volume":"10","author":"Viecilli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00009-5","article-title":"Histomorphometric study of bone reactions during orthodontic tooth movement in rats","volume":"24","author":"Verna","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.04.022","article-title":"Speed of tooth movement is related to stress and IL-1 gene polymorphisms","volume":"130","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.10.016","article-title":"Complete orthodontic load systems on teeth in a continuous full archwire: the role of triangular loop position","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.05.025","article-title":"Self-corrective T-loop design for differential space closure","volume":"129","author":"Viecilli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib21","article-title":"The force system of an adjustable molar root movement mechanism","author":"Viecilli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42952","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506415200","article-title":"The P2X7 nucleotide receptor mediates skeletal mechanotransduction","volume":"280","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib23","first-page":"9","article-title":"Effect of moment to force ratios on stress patterns and levels in the PDL","volume":"29","author":"Tanne","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Osaka Univ Dent Sch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400506","article-title":"The finite element method: a tool to study orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"84","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(00)00055-2","article-title":"A comparative FEM-study of tooth mobility using isotropic and anisotropic models of the periodontal ligament","volume":"22","author":"Provatidis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/03008200490885742","article-title":"Viscoelastic response of the periodontal ligament: an experimental-numerical analysis","volume":"45","author":"Natali","year":"2004","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1515\/bmte.2002.47.7-8.202","article-title":"Experiments to determine the time dependent material properties of the periodontal ligament","volume":"47","author":"Krstin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.116085","article-title":"The influence of PDL principal fibers in a 3-dimensional analysis of orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"120","author":"Qian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)80008-4","article-title":"Dentoalveolar stress from bodily tooth movement at different levels of bone loss","volume":"110","author":"Cobo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(93)70071-U","article-title":"Initial stress induced in periodontal tissue with diverse degrees of bone loss by an orthodontic force: tridimensional analysis by means of the finite element method","volume":"104","author":"Cobo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.112999","article-title":"Three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress in the periodontal ligament of the maxillary first molar with simulated bone loss","volume":"119","author":"Jeon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib32","series-title":"Handbook of structural engineering","author":"Chen","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib33","series-title":"Mechanics of materials","author":"Beer","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib34","first-page":"27","article-title":"Stress analysis of bone modeling response to rat molar orthodontics","volume":"28","author":"Katona","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-005-0416-5","article-title":"Development of a model for the simulation of orthodontic load on lower first premolars using the finite element method","volume":"66","author":"Dorow","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib36","series-title":"Les Dents Humaines","author":"Marseiller","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/21.6.633","article-title":"Determination of the centre of resistance in an upper human canine and idealized tooth model","volume":"21","author":"Vollmer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(91)70016-P","article-title":"Centers of rotation with transverse forces: an experimental study","volume":"99","author":"Nagerl","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/10255849908907984","article-title":"Numerical estimation of the centres of rotation and resistance in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"2","author":"Provatidis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(76)90225-6","article-title":"The influence of transseptal fibers on incisor position and diastema formation","volume":"70","author":"Stubley","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib41","series-title":"Biological mechanisms of tooth eruption, resorption and replacement by implants","first-page":"537","article-title":"A mechanical engineering analysis of orthodontics associated external root resorption","author":"Katona","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2004.01.003","article-title":"Bone modeling: biomechanics, molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib43","series-title":"Orthodontics: current principles and techniques","article-title":"Bone physiology, metabolism and biomechanics in orthodontic practice","author":"Roberts","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.12.018","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 7","volume":"129","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90301-4","article-title":"Osseous adaptation to continuous loading of rigid endosseous implants","volume":"86","author":"Roberts","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540608001923?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540608001923?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:44:29Z","timestamp":1760172269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540608001923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540608001923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Three-dimensional mechanical environment of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}