{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:32:04Z","timestamp":1790854324170,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,13]],"date-time":"2009-06-13T04:48:31Z","timestamp":1244868511000},"page":"692.e1-692.e8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Twenty-year cohort study of health gain from orthodontic treatment: Temporomandibular disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Tatiana V.","family":"Macfarlane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Kenealy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Anne","family":"Kingdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt O.","family":"Mohlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Richard","family":"Pilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7152.190","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: a clinical update","volume":"317","author":"Dimitroulis","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411970080030401","article-title":"Epidemiology of temporomandibular disorders: implications for the investigation of etiologic factors","volume":"8","author":"LeResche","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(01)00041-0","article-title":"Systematic review of population-based studies of orofacial pain","volume":"29","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2001.00758.x","article-title":"Factors associated with the temporomandibular disorder, pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS): Manchester case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3801(02)00045-9","article-title":"The association between psychological factors and oro-facial pain: a community-based study","volume":"6","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(03)00108-8","article-title":"Association between local mechanical factors and orofacial pain: survey in the community","volume":"31","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib7","first-page":"45","article-title":"Association between orofacial pain and other symptoms: a population-based study","volume":"1","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Biosci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00074-5","article-title":"Contributing factors to chronic myofascial pain: a case-control study","volume":"104","author":"Velly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00404-9","article-title":"Widespread pain as a risk factor for dysfunctional temporomandibular disorder pain","volume":"102","author":"John","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2005.0200","article-title":"The role of parafunctions, emotions and stress in predicting facial pain","volume":"136","author":"Glaros","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1988.tb00760.x","article-title":"History factors associated with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"15","author":"Pullinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90006-0","article-title":"Preventing adverse effects on the temporomandibular joint through orthodontic treatment","volume":"91","author":"Wyatt","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/12.3.254","article-title":"TMJ function and the effects on the masticatory system on 14-16-year-old Danish children in relation to orthodontic treatment","volume":"12","author":"Nielsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib14","first-page":"73","article-title":"Occlusion, orthodontic treatment, and temporomandibular disorders: a review","volume":"9","author":"McNamara","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02716957","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders: is there a relationship? Part 1: clinical studies","volume":"58","author":"McNamara","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02676544","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorder: is there a relationship? Part 2: clinical implications","volume":"58","author":"T\u00fcrp","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib17","first-page":"295","article-title":"Orthodontics and the temporomandibular joint: where are we now? Part 1. Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders","volume":"68","author":"Luther","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib18","first-page":"305","article-title":"Orthodontics and the temporomandibular joint. Where are we now? Part 2: functional occlusion, malocclusion and TMD","volume":"68","author":"Luther","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2006.122","article-title":"TMD and occlusion part I. Damned if we do? Occlusion: the interface of dentistry and orthodontics","volume":"202","author":"Luther","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2006.123","article-title":"TMD and occlusion part II. Damned if we don't? Functional occlusal problems: TMD epidemiology in a wider context","volume":"202","author":"Luther","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219(2007)077[0542:TIRTMA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"TMD in relation to malocclusion and orthodontic treatment","volume":"77","author":"Mohlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1986.tb01497.x","article-title":"Dental and social effects of malocclusion and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment: a strategy for investigation","volume":"14","author":"Shaw","year":"1986","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib23","first-page":"101","article-title":"Studies on function and dysfunction of the masticatory system. II. Index for anamnestic and clinical dysfunction and occlusal state","volume":"67","author":"Helkimo","year":"1974","journal-title":"Sven Tandlak Tidskr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/13.2.111","article-title":"A survey of craniomandibular disorders in 1000 12-year-olds. Study design and baseline data in a follow-up study","volume":"13","author":"Mohlin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib25","series-title":"HMSO classification of occupations 1980","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib26","series-title":"Piers-Harris children's self-concept scale: revised manual","author":"Piers","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib27","series-title":"Society and the adolescent self-image (reprint ed)","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/27.2.149","article-title":"The development of the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON)","volume":"27","author":"Daniels","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1993.tb00731.x","article-title":"Effects of non-response on estimates derived from an oral health survey of older adults","volume":"21","author":"Locker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1987.tb00714.x","article-title":"Helkimo's index: a scale or just a set of symptoms","volume":"14","author":"Van der Weele","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/14.2.152","article-title":"A survey of craniomandibular disorders in 800 15-year-olds. A follow-up study of children with malocclusion","volume":"14","author":"Pilley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/19.1.57","article-title":"A survey of craniomandibular disorders in 500 19-year-olds","volume":"19","author":"Pilley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib33","first-page":"319","article-title":"Malocclusion and temporomandibular disorder: a comparison of adolescents with moderate to severe dysfunction with those without signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and their further development to 30 years of age","volume":"74","author":"Mohlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib34","unstructured":"Drangsholt M, List T, Nilsson IM, John MT, Hirsch C, Mancl L, LeResche L. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain in adolescents: cross-cultural comparisons [abstract]. 10th World Congress on Pain, San Diego, California, August 17-22, 2002; International Association for the Study of Pain (Aug 2002)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.08.011","article-title":"Relationship of pain and symptoms to pubertal development in adolescents","volume":"118","author":"LeResche","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03230-7","article-title":"Use of exogenous hormones and risk of temporomandibular disorder pain","volume":"69","author":"LeResche","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib37","series-title":"Epidemiology of pain","article-title":"Gender considerations in the epidemiology of chronic pain","author":"LeResche","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib38","first-page":"215","article-title":"Generalized joint laxity and temporomandibular disorders","volume":"11","author":"Perrini","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4807421","article-title":"Quality control in orthodontics: factors influencing the receipt of orthodontic treatment","volume":"170","author":"Shaw","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01301243","article-title":"Factors influencing the decision about orthodontic treatment. A longitudinal study among 11- and 15-year-olds and their parents","volume":"60","author":"Birkeland","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.3.265","article-title":"The relationship between patient, parent and clinician perceived need and normative orthodontic treatment need","volume":"26","author":"Hamdan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.121665","article-title":"Orthodontics and temporomandibular disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib43","first-page":"411","article-title":"Relationship between signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and orthodontic treatment: a cross-sectional study","volume":"73","author":"Conti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib44","first-page":"109","article-title":"A 20-year follow-up of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and malocclusions in subjects with and without orthodontic treatment in childhood","volume":"73","author":"Egermark","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2003.08.001","article-title":"Do pain problems in young school children persist into early adulthood? A 13-year follow-up","volume":"8","author":"Brattberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540609001899?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540609001899?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:47:03Z","timestamp":1760172423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540609001899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540609001899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Twenty-year cohort study of health gain from orthodontic treatment: Temporomandibular disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.02.009","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}