{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:54:22Z","timestamp":1780484062367,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,9]],"date-time":"2011-03-09T12:05:04Z","timestamp":1299672304000},"page":"e279-e284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Physical properties of root cementum: Part 16. Comparisons of root resorption and resorption craters after the application of light and heavy continuous and controlled orthodontic forces for 4, 8, and 12 weeks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Anchalee","family":"Paetyangkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"T\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Elekda\u011f-T\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan S.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Petocz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lam L.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Ali","family":"Darendeliler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib1","first-page":"97","article-title":"A preliminary report of an investigation of apical root resorption of vital permanent teeth","volume":"13","author":"Ketcham","year":"1927","journal-title":"Int J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib2","first-page":"310","article-title":"A progress report of an investigation of apical root resorption of vital permanent teeth","volume":"15","author":"Ketcham","year":"1929","journal-title":"Int J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib3","first-page":"1528","article-title":"Resorption or absorption?","author":"Becks","year":"1932","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib4","series-title":"Biological mechanisms of tooth eruption and root resorption","first-page":"329","article-title":"Initiating factors in dental root resorption","author":"Wesserlink","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib5","series-title":"Biological mechanisms of tooth eruption and root resorption","first-page":"293","article-title":"Root resorption\u2014a multidiciplinary problem in dentistry","author":"Tronstad","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/16.4.249","article-title":"Root resorption beneath the main hyalinized zone","volume":"16","author":"Brudvik","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib7","first-page":"161","article-title":"Hyalinization and root resorption during early orthodontic tooth movement in adolescents","volume":"68","author":"Kurol","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90317-7","article-title":"Root resorption after orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth","volume":"82","author":"Malmgren","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/5.3.173","article-title":"Apical root resorption in upper anterior teeth","volume":"5","author":"Linge","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81678-6","article-title":"Patient characteristics and treatment variables associated with apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment","volume":"99","author":"Linge","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib11","first-page":"68","article-title":"Initial tissue behavior during apical root resorption","volume":"44","author":"Reitan","year":"1974","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib12","first-page":"235","article-title":"Root resorption in bicuspid intrusion. A scanning electron microscope study","volume":"52","author":"Harry","year":"1982","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/18.1.287","article-title":"The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Owman Moll","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/18.1.141","article-title":"Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An inter-individual study in adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Owman Moll","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.11.026","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 5. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of light and heavy orthodontic forces","volume":"127","author":"Chan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib16","series-title":"Orthodontics: current principles and techniques","first-page":"101","article-title":"Biomechanical principles and reactions","author":"Reitan","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(89)90323-5","article-title":"A study of the relationship between incisor intrusion and root shortening","volume":"96","author":"McFadden","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90455-0","article-title":"Orthodontic relapse, apical root resorption, and crestal alveolar bone levels","volume":"91","author":"Sharpe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/22.1.85","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of maxillary incisors with severe apical root resorption","volume":"22","author":"Levander","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.113410","article-title":"Predicting and preventing root resorption: part II. Treatment factors","volume":"119","author":"Sameshima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70200-8","article-title":"Directions of orthodontic tooth movements associated with external apical root resorption of the maxillary central incisor","volume":"114","author":"Parker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70065-X","article-title":"Risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients","volume":"108","author":"Mirabella","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70187-3","article-title":"External apical root resorption of posterior teeth in asthmatics after orthodontic treatment","volume":"116","author":"McNab","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(93)70106-X","article-title":"Root resorption after orthodontic treatment: part 1. Literature review","volume":"103","author":"Brezniak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81763-9","article-title":"Root resorption after orthodontic treatment: part 2. Literature review","volume":"103","author":"Brezniak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib26","first-page":"417","article-title":"A comparison of resorption of roots of deciduous teeth with the absorption of roots of the permanent teeth occurring as a result of infection","volume":"15","author":"Marshall","year":"1929","journal-title":"Int J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-3498(36)80066-1","article-title":"Root resorption and their relation to pathologic bone formation","volume":"22","author":"Beck","year":"1936","journal-title":"Int J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib28","first-page":"113","article-title":"Determinants controlling iatrogenic external root resorption and repair during and after palatal expansion","volume":"61","author":"Vardimon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345820610062501","article-title":"The effect of force magnitude on extractable bone resorptive activity and cemental cratering in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"61","author":"King","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(70)90219-8","article-title":"Pulp and dentine reactions to experimental tooth intrusion. A histologic study of the initial changes","volume":"57","author":"Stenvik","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib31","first-page":"244","article-title":"Effect of force magnitude and direction of tooth movement on different alveolar bone types","volume":"34","author":"Reitan","year":"1964","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)80016-3","article-title":"Apical root resorption in orthodontically treated adults","volume":"110","author":"Baumrind","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/20.1.57","article-title":"Early radiographic diagnosis of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of maxillary incisors","volume":"20","author":"Levander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)80015-1","article-title":"Time-related root resorption after application of a controlled continuous orthodontic force","volume":"110","author":"Kurol","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.12.030","article-title":"Apical root resorption 6 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy","volume":"128","author":"Smale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib36","first-page":"247","article-title":"Postretention status of maxillary incisors with root-end resorption","volume":"43","author":"VonderAhe","year":"1973","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70129-6","article-title":"Apical root resorption in orthodontically treated subjects: analysis of edgewise and light wire mechanics","volume":"105","author":"Beck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjl090","article-title":"Radiographic analysis of external apical root resorption of maxillary incisors during active treatment","volume":"29","author":"Mohandesan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2004.00283.x","article-title":"Incidence and severity of root resorption in orthodontically moved premolars in dogs","volume":"7","author":"Maltha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.114535","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part I. A new method for 3-dimensional evaluation","volume":"120","author":"Malek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00398-6","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum. Part 2: storage media","volume":"124","author":"Malek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.01.029","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 8. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of controlled intrusive light and heavy orthodontic forces: a microcomputed tomography scan study","volume":"130","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00001936","article-title":"Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous torque moment. Intra-individual study","volume":"62","author":"Casa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2004.00281.x","article-title":"Root resorption and its association with alterations in physical properties, mineral contents and resorption craters in human premolars following application of light and heavy controlled orthodontics forces","volume":"7","author":"Darendeliler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/23.1.35","article-title":"Ultrastructure of cementum and periodontal ligament after continuous intrusion in humans: a transmission electron microscopy study","volume":"23","author":"Faltin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib46","first-page":"331","article-title":"Tissue changes incidental to orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"18","author":"Schwarz","year":"1932","journal-title":"Int J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345820610062501","article-title":"The effect of force magnitude on extractable bone resorptive activity and cemental cratering in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"61","author":"King","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib48","series-title":"Orthodontics: current principles and techniques","first-page":"145","article-title":"Tissue reactions in orthodontics","author":"Thilander","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.01.043","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 10. Comparison of the effects of invisible removable thermoplastic appliances with light and heavy orthodontic forces on premolar cementum. A microcomputed-tomogrpahy study","volume":"133","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib50","first-page":"159","article-title":"Continuous vs. discontinuous force application and root resorption","volume":"69","author":"Acar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2319\/052007-240.1","article-title":"Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar","volume":"78","author":"Gonzales","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540610008796?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540610008796?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:52:07Z","timestamp":1760172727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540610008796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540610008796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Physical properties of root cementum: Part 16. Comparisons of root resorption and resorption craters after the application of light and heavy continuous and controlled orthodontic forces for 4, 8, and 12 weeks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.07.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}