{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:24:13Z","timestamp":1780471453472,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T03:53:35Z","timestamp":1359518015000},"page":"213-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Illusions of fusions: Assessing cervical vertebral fusion on lateral cephalograms, multidetector computed tomographs, and cone-beam computed tomographs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Raphael","family":"Patcas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Tausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Pandis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjana","family":"Manestar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Ullrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph A.","family":"Karlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Peltom\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian J.","family":"Kellenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70157-5","article-title":"Skeletal maturation evaluation using cervical vertebrae","volume":"107","author":"Hassel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib2","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70078-7","article-title":"Nasorespiratory function and head posture","volume":"112","author":"Huggare","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/24.5.447","article-title":"Cranio-cervical posture: a factor in the development and function of the dentofacial structures","volume":"24","author":"Solow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198207000-00002","article-title":"Cervical spine anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Tredwell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1597\/05-023","article-title":"A three-dimensional computed tomographic analysis of the cervical spine in unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate","volume":"43","author":"Rajion","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib7","first-page":"206","article-title":"Cervical vertebral anomalies in cleft-lip and palate","volume":"23","author":"Sandham","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib8","first-page":"273","article-title":"The cervical vertebrae as a factor in etiology of cleft palate","volume":"36","author":"Ross","year":"1965","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(10)80229-0","article-title":"The incidence and relationship of cervical spine anomalies in patients with cleft lip and\/or palate","volume":"49","author":"Horswell","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.01.019","article-title":"Cervical column morphology in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and mandibular overjet","volume":"132","author":"Sonnesen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm043","article-title":"Cervical vertebral body fusions in patients with skeletal deep bite","volume":"29","author":"Sonnesen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2008.00409.x","article-title":"Cervical column morphology in patients with skeletal open bite","volume":"11","author":"Sonnesen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188.e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.07.018","article-title":"Anomalies of the cervical vertebrae in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion and horizontal maxillary overjet","volume":"133","author":"Sonnesen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.10.021","article-title":"Cervical vertebral column morphology related to craniofacial morphology and head posture in preorthodontic children with Class II malocclusion and horizontal maxillary overjet","volume":"140","author":"Arntsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm010","article-title":"Cervical column morphology related to head posture, cranial base angle, and condylar malformation","volume":"29","author":"Sonnesen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn028","article-title":"Cervical column morphology in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"30","author":"Sonnesen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)70069-0","article-title":"Evaluation of cervical spine abnormalities on cephalometric radiographs","volume":"109","author":"Vastardis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005","article-title":"Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine","volume":"18","author":"Klimo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib19","first-page":"3","article-title":"The significance of abnormalities of the cervical spine","volume":"84","author":"Mcrae","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq192","article-title":"Cervical vertebrae anomalies in subjects with Class II malocclusion assessed by lateral cephalogram and cone beam computed tomography","volume":"34","author":"Bebnowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjp049","article-title":"Cervical vertebrae anomalies in orthodontic patients: a growth-based superimpositional approach","volume":"32","author":"Koletsis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050186","article-title":"C2-3 facet joint \u201cpseudo-fusion\u201d: anatomic basis of a normal variant","volume":"26","author":"Massengill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70191-5","article-title":"Prevalence of skeletal and dental anomalies and normal variants seen in cephalometric and other radiographs of orthodontic patients","volume":"116","author":"Tetradis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib24","first-page":"1255","article-title":"The incidence of acquired and congenital fusions in the cervical spine","volume":"92","author":"Brown","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200202000-00017","article-title":"Congenital osseous anomalies of the upper and lower cervical spine in children","volume":"84-A","author":"Guille","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199103000-00004","article-title":"Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine","volume":"264","author":"Hensinger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198605000-00001","article-title":"Comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the diagnosis of upper cervical spinal cord compression","volume":"11","author":"McAfee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000259808.47104.dd","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of fine-cut CT scans with reconstructions to determine the status of an instrumented posterolateral fusion with surgical exploration as reference standard","volume":"32","author":"Carreon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.12.031","article-title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction of individual cervical vertebrae from cone-beam computed-tomography images","volume":"131","author":"Shi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1148\/82.5.912","article-title":"The transverse processes of the cervical vertebral segment. A correlation of oblique roentgenograms with skeletonized material","volume":"82","author":"Templeton","year":"1964","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9101100203","article-title":"The efficacy of diagnostic imaging","volume":"11","author":"Fryback","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.02.010","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography is not the imaging technique of choice for comprehensive orthodontic assessment [Point\/Counterpoint]","volume":"141","author":"Halazonetis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib33","unstructured":"European Union. Additional protocol to the convention on human rights and biomedicine, on transplantation of organs and tissues of human origin. ETS 186, Art 16\u201318 2002. Strasbourg, France; January 24, 2002. Available at: http:\/\/conventions.coe.int\/Treaty\/en\/Treaties\/Html\/186.htm. Accessed July 3, 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.4414\/saez.2009.14079","article-title":"Die verwendung von leichen und leichenteilen in der medizinischen forschung sowie\u00a0aus-, weiter- und fortbildung","volume":"90","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schweiz \u00c4rzteztg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-117X(82)80022-X","article-title":"Radiographic appearance of the cervical vertebrae in normal and abnormal development","volume":"20","author":"Farman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib36","first-page":"595","article-title":"Radiographic profile of the first cervical vertebra","volume":"128","author":"Farman","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031619","article-title":"Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters","volume":"76","author":"Fleiss","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib39","unstructured":"Chang A. StatTools. Available at: http:\/\/www.stattools.net\/CohenKappa_Pgm.php. Accessed July 3,\u00a02012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib41","article-title":"Is the use of the cervical vertebrae maturation method justified to determine skeletal age? A comparison of radiation dose of two strategies for skeletal age estimation","author":"Patcas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W193","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2951","article-title":"Dose and image quality evaluation of a dedicated cone-beam CT system for high-contrast neurologic applications","volume":"194","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1159\/000143413","article-title":"Enzymatic maceration of delicate bone and small skeletons","volume":"74","author":"Sandstrom","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15006","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/5\/1\/015006","article-title":"Influence of enzymatic maceration on the microstructure and microhardness of compact bone","volume":"5","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib45","first-page":"407","article-title":"A quick and effective method for the maceration of vertebrates","volume":"98","author":"Bartels","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.911","article-title":"A general goodness-of-fit approach for inference procedures concerning the kappa statistic","volume":"20","author":"Altaye","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stat Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540612010736?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540612010736?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:55:42Z","timestamp":1760172942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540612010736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540612010736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Illusions of fusions: Assessing cervical vertebral fusion on lateral cephalograms, multidetector computed tomographs, and cone-beam computed tomographs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}