{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:10:43Z","timestamp":1791850243956,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]],"date-time":"2013-05-30T01:47:39Z","timestamp":1369878459000},"page":"845-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["The pattern of facial skeletal growth and its relationship to various common indexes of maturation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Zachary J.","family":"Mellion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf G.","family":"Behrents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Lysle E.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-6963(27)90222-1","article-title":"Changes in the human face brought about by development","volume":"13","author":"Hellman","year":"1927","journal-title":"Int J Orthod Oral Surg Radiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib2","first-page":"685","article-title":"The face in its developmental career","volume":"77","author":"Hellman","year":"1935","journal-title":"Dent Cosmos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib3","series-title":"Science and clinical judgement in orthodontics. Monograph 18. Craniofacial Growth Series","article-title":"A comparative analysis of Class II treatments","author":"Johnston","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib4","first-page":"55","article-title":"Changes in dentofacial structures in untreated Class II division 1 and normal subjects: a longitudinal study","volume":"67","author":"Bishara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(98)80042-X","article-title":"Growth and the Class II patient: rendering unto Caesar","volume":"4","author":"Johnston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1961.0289","article-title":"Longitudinal cephalometric roentgenographic study of face and cranium in relation to body height","volume":"63","author":"Bambha","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib7","first-page":"134","article-title":"Prediction of the age of maximum puberal growth in body height","volume":"37","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"1967","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib8","first-page":"117","article-title":"Timing of facial growth: a study of relations with stature and ossification in the hand around puberty","volume":"3","author":"Grave","year":"1973","journal-title":"Aust Orthod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib9","first-page":"87","article-title":"Epiphysial changes in the hand\/wrist area as indicators of adolescent stage","volume":"4","author":"Bowden","year":"1976","journal-title":"Aust Orthod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib10","first-page":"109","article-title":"The adolescent growth spurt of boys and girls of the Harpenden growth study","volume":"3","author":"Tanner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann\u00a0Hum Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3109\/00016358009004719","article-title":"Skeletal stages of the hand and wrist as indicators of the pubertal growth spurt","volume":"38","author":"H\u00e4gg","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Skeletal maturation and cephalofacial development","volume":"35","author":"Johnston","year":"1965","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib13","first-page":"319","article-title":"The male adolescent facial growth spurt: its prediction and relation to skeletal maturation","volume":"42","author":"Bergersen","year":"1972","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib14","first-page":"181","article-title":"Chronological versus skeletal age, an evaluation of craniofacial growth","volume":"49","author":"Fishman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(55)90112-3","article-title":"The rates of growth of several facial components measured from serial cephalometric roentgenograms","volume":"41","author":"Nanda","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib16","first-page":"44","article-title":"The correlation of facial growth with body height and skeletal maturation at adolescence","volume":"36","author":"Hunter","year":"1966","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(63)90203-3","article-title":"Longitudinal study of facial growth in relation to skeletal maturation during adolescence","volume":"49","author":"Bambha","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib18","first-page":"242","article-title":"Sesamoid bone appearance as an indicator of adolescence","volume":"2","author":"Bowden","year":"1971","journal-title":"Aust Orthod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(72)90141-8","article-title":"Mandibular growth at puberty","volume":"62","author":"Tofani","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(76)90143-3","article-title":"Skeletal ossification and the adolescent growth spurt","volume":"69","author":"Grave","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90464-X","article-title":"Maturation indicators and the pubertal growth spurt","volume":"82","author":"H\u00e4gg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib22","series-title":"Skeletal age assessment utilizing cervical vertebrae","author":"Lamparski","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70157-5","article-title":"Skeletal maturation evaluation using cervical vertebrae","volume":"107","author":"Hassel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib24","first-page":"221","article-title":"The cervical vertebrae as maturational indicators","volume":"32","author":"Garc\u00eda-Fernandez","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib25","first-page":"47","article-title":"Comparisons between cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist maturation for the assessment of skeletal maturity","volume":"24","author":"Kucukkeles","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/24.3.303","article-title":"Skeletal maturation determined by cervical vertebrae development","volume":"24","author":"San Rom\u00e1n","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Correlation of skeletal maturation stages determined by cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist evaluations","volume":"76","author":"Flores-Mir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib28","first-page":"271","article-title":"Comparative evaluation between cervical vertebral morphology and hand-wrist morphology for skeletal maturation assessment","volume":"55","author":"Grippaudo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.01.031","article-title":"Chronologic age and skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist: is there a relationship?","volume":"130","author":"Uysal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib30","series-title":"Predetermination of the time of the facial growth spurt utilizing the cervical vertebrae","author":"Bernard","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.107009","article-title":"Mandibular growth as related to cervical vertebral maturation and body height","volume":"118","author":"Franchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am\u00a0J\u00a0Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2005.04.005","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib33","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib34","series-title":"Bolton standards of dentofacial developmental growth","author":"Broadbent","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib35","unstructured":"Haahr M. True random number service 1998. Available at: www.random.org. Accessed on August 19,\u00a02006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359109005909","article-title":"Cervical vertebral dimensions in 8-, 11-, and 15-year-old children","volume":"49","author":"Hellsing","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib37","first-page":"88","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of skeletal maturation. A\u00a0clinically oriented method based on hand-wrist films","volume":"52","author":"Fishman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Angle\u00a0Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330100303","article-title":"The first seriatim study of human growth","volume":"10","author":"Scammon","year":"1927","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib39","series-title":"Basic statistical procedures and tables","author":"Cabilio","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/03014468400007311","article-title":"Velocity and acceleration of height growth using kernel estimation","volume":"11","author":"Gasser","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/03014468500007631","article-title":"An analysis of the mid-growth and adolescent spurts of height based on acceleration","volume":"12","author":"Gasser","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gco.0000242949.02373.09","article-title":"Pubertal development in girls: secular trends","volume":"18","author":"Kaplowitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90225-0","article-title":"Misuse of hand-wrist radiographs","volume":"77","author":"Smith","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019_bib44","first-page":"83","article-title":"Thin-plate spline analysis of mandibular growth","volume":"71","author":"Franchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540613002503?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540613002503?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:56:16Z","timestamp":1760172976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540613002503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540613002503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The pattern of facial skeletal growth and its relationship to various common indexes of maturation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.01.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}