{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:38:06Z","timestamp":1793504286373,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T07:06:09Z","timestamp":1383030369000},"page":"705-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary changes associated with facemask and rapid maxillary expansion compared with bone anchored maxillary protraction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Claudia Toyama","family":"Hino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia H.S.","family":"Cevidanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo J.","family":"De Clerck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"McNamara Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib1","first-page":"314","article-title":"Orthopedic correction of Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and custom protraction headgear","volume":"22","author":"Turley","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Maxillary protraction therapy: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Hickam","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70003-X","article-title":"Clinical results of maxillary protraction in Korean children","volume":"108","author":"Baik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(97)80058-8","article-title":"Treatment response and long-term dentofacial adaptations to maxillary expansion and protraction","volume":"3","author":"Ngan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70298-2","article-title":"Cephalometric changes after the correction of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion\/facemask therapy","volume":"116","author":"Macdonald","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.109840","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment craniofacial changes after rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy","volume":"118","author":"Baccetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(00)70176-4","article-title":"Sagittal changes after maxillary protraction with expansion in Class III patients in the primary, mixed, and late mixed dentitions: a longitudinal retrospective study","volume":"117","author":"Saadia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.04.030","article-title":"The effects of maxillary protraction therapy with or without rapid palatal expansion: a prospective, randomized clinical trial","volume":"128","author":"Vaughn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70141-6","article-title":"Cephalometric effects of face mask\/expansion therapy in Class III children: a comparison of three age groups","volume":"113","author":"Kapust","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib10","first-page":"26","article-title":"Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction in patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion: a comparison of three skeletal maturation groups","volume":"73","author":"Cha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.10.036","article-title":"Postpubertal assessment of treatment timing for maxillary expansion and protraction therapy followed by fixed appliances","volume":"126","author":"Franchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib12","first-page":"598","article-title":"An orthopedic approach to the treatment of Class III malocclusion in young patients","volume":"21","author":"McNamara","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70294-5","article-title":"The effectiveness of protraction face mask therapy: a meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.04.030","article-title":"The effects of maxillary protraction therapy with or without rapid palatal expansion: a prospective, randomized clinical trial","volume":"128","author":"Vaughn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.03.007","article-title":"Orthopedic traction of the maxilla with miniplates: a new perspective for treatment of midface deficiency","volume":"67","author":"De Clerck","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.07.009","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary protraction with intermaxillary elastics to miniplates","volume":"137","author":"Heymann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.10.037","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients","volume":"138","author":"De Clerck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2319\/111709-651.1","article-title":"Comparison of two protocols for maxillary protraction: bone anchors versus face mask with rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"80","author":"Cevidanes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.03.023","article-title":"Comparison between traditional 2-dimensional cephalometry and a 3-dimensional approach on human dry skulls","volume":"126","author":"Adams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.04.025","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction","volume":"140","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.01.018","article-title":"Superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models of growing patients","volume":"136","author":"Cevidanes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.12.008","article-title":"Image analysis and superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models","volume":"129","author":"Cevidanes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr010","article-title":"The effect of sample size and bias on the reliability of estimates of error: a comparative study of Dahlberg's formula","volume":"34","author":"Springate","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(77)90187-7","article-title":"Dentofacial changes produced by extraoral forward force in the Macaca irus","volume":"71","author":"Kambara","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(78)90080-5","article-title":"Protraction of maxilla in rhesus monkeys by controlled extraoral forces","volume":"74","author":"Nanda","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(79)90278-1","article-title":"Experimental response to anteriorly directed extraoral force in young Macaca nemestrina","volume":"75","author":"Jackson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70259-2","article-title":"Timing for effective application of anteriorly directed orthopedic force to the maxilla","volume":"112","author":"Merwin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90467-5","article-title":"The postnatal development of the palatomaxillary region studied on human autopsy material","volume":"82","author":"Melsen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.06.011","article-title":"Midfacial protraction with skeletally anchored face mask therapy: a novel approach and preliminary results","volume":"133","author":"Kircelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib30","series-title":"Contemporary orthodontics","first-page":"281","article-title":"Effects of orthodontic force on the maxilla and midface","author":"Proffit","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)70046-X","article-title":"Cephalometric A point changes during and after maxillary protraction and expansion","volume":"110","author":"Shanker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib32","first-page":"50","article-title":"Degree of stability following experimental alteration of midfacial growth with heavy intermittent force","volume":"32","author":"Cederquist","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc Inst Med Chic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70306-3","article-title":"Skeletal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy","volume":"113","author":"Baccetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70187-8","article-title":"Shape-coordinate analysis of skeletal changes induced by rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy","volume":"114","author":"Franchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540613007300?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540613007300?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:56:31Z","timestamp":1760172991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540613007300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540613007300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary changes associated with facemask and rapid maxillary expansion compared with bone anchored maxillary protraction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.07.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}