{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T01:38:03Z","timestamp":1774661883783,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]],"date-time":"2017-01-31T05:06:30Z","timestamp":1485839190000},"page":"397-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Root resorption of maxillary incisors retracted with and without skeletal anchorage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9rgio Estelita","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Chiqueto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitor Oliveira","family":"Baldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taiana Oliveira","family":"Baldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjl043","article-title":"Effects of root morphology on stress distribution at the root apex","volume":"29","author":"Oyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-014-0237-5","article-title":"Compression of human primary cementoblasts leads to apoptosis: a possible cause of dental root resorption?","volume":"75","author":"Diercke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.113409","article-title":"Predicting and preventing root resorption: part I. Diagnostic factors","volume":"119","author":"Sameshima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.113410","article-title":"Predicting and preventing root resorption: part II. Treatment factors","volume":"119","author":"Sameshima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.99136","article-title":"A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques","volume":"118","author":"Janson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)80017-5","article-title":"Levels of root resorption associated with continuous arch and sectional arch mechanics","volume":"110","author":"Alexander","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.01.050","article-title":"Effects of accentuated and reversed curve of Spee on apical root resorption","volume":"133","author":"Chiqueto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(89)90227-8","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment","volume":"96","author":"Remington","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70129-6","article-title":"Apical root resorption in orthodontically treated subjects: analysis of edgewise and light wire mechanics","volume":"105","author":"Beck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00166-5","article-title":"External apical root resorption in Class II malocclusion: a retrospective review of 1- versus 2-phase treatment","volume":"124","author":"Brin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70069-2","article-title":"A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with the edgewise and Speed appliances","volume":"108","author":"Blake","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2004.00286.x","article-title":"Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption","volume":"7","author":"Segal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib13","first-page":"227","article-title":"External apical root resorption following orthodontic treatment","volume":"70","author":"McNab","year":"2000","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.022","article-title":"Comparison of treatment outcomes between skeletal anchorage and extraoral anchorage in adults with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion","volume":"134","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.03.025","article-title":"Treatment effects of mini-implants for en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in bialveolar dental protrusion patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"134","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.02.027","article-title":"Apical root resorption in orthodontic patients with en-masse maxillary anterior retraction and intrusion with miniscrews","volume":"137","author":"Liou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143.e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.10.018","article-title":"Evaluation of root resorption after open bite treatment with and without extractions","volume":"132","author":"de Freitas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.07.902","article-title":"Mini-implant insertion based on tooth crown references: a guide-free technique","volume":"41","author":"Estelita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.12.028","article-title":"Predictable drill-free screw positioning with a graduated 3-dimensional radiographic-surgical guide: a preliminary report","volume":"136","author":"Estelita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800870a","article-title":"Radiographic diagnosis of root resorption in relation to orthodontics","volume":"190","author":"Leach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90317-7","article-title":"Root resorption after orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth","volume":"82","author":"Malmgren","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(86)90088-0","article-title":"Apical root resorption of upper incisors caused by intrusive tooth movement: a radiographic study","volume":"90","author":"Dermaut","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.2319\/080414-544.1","article-title":"Does clinical experience affect the reproducibility of cervical vertebrae maturation method?","volume":"85","author":"Rongo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm114","article-title":"Panel perception of change in facial aesthetics following orthodontic treatment in adolescents","volume":"30","author":"Kiekens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib25","first-page":"43","article-title":"Image quality assessment in panoramic dental radiography: a comparative study between conventional and digital systems","volume":"3","author":"Sabarudin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib26","first-page":"21","article-title":"Power comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling tests","volume":"2","author":"Razali","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Modeling Analytics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.12.030","article-title":"Apical root resorption 6 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy","volume":"128","author":"Smale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/10.1.30","article-title":"Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors","volume":"10","author":"Levander","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/20.4.427","article-title":"Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment of patients with multiple aplasia: a study of maxillary incisors","volume":"20","author":"Levander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(92)70002-R","article-title":"Patterns of incisor root resorption before and after orthodontic correction in cases with anterior open bites","volume":"101","author":"Harris","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/5.3.173","article-title":"Apical root resorption in upper anterior teeth","volume":"5","author":"Linge","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81678-6","article-title":"Patient characteristics and treatment variables associated with apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment","volume":"99","author":"Linge","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(89)90323-5","article-title":"A study of the relationship between incisor intrusion and root shortening","volume":"96","author":"McFadden","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70065-X","article-title":"Risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients","volume":"108","author":"Mirabella","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70200-8","article-title":"Directions of orthodontic tooth movements associated with external apical root resorption of the maxillary central incisor","volume":"114","author":"Parker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.2319\/112810-691.1","article-title":"Root resorption diagnosed with cone beam computed tomography after 6 months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance and the relation to risk factors","volume":"82","author":"Makedonas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1179\/1465313313Y.0000000049","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro comparison of contemporary radiographic imaging techniques for measurement of tooth length: reliability and radiation dose","volume":"40","author":"Moze","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2319\/050512-372.1","article-title":"Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for detecting simulated apical root resorption","volume":"83","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.11.018","article-title":"Comparison between cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral digital radiography for assessment of tooth root lesions","volume":"139","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2013.43.2.63","article-title":"Patient radiation dose and protection from cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.06.002","article-title":"Clinical recommendations regarding use of cone beam computed tomography in orthodontics [corrected]. Position statement by the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology","volume":"116","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2012.0148","article-title":"Evidence supporting the use of cone-beam computed tomography in orthodontics","volume":"143","author":"van Vlijmen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib43","unstructured":"Radiation protection: cone beam CT for dental and maxillofacial radiology\u2014evidence based guidelines. Available at: www.sedentexct.eu\/files\/guidelines_final.pdf. Accessed on February 3,\u00a02016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2014.44.2.88","article-title":"Effectiveness of en-masse retraction using midpalatal miniscrews and a modified transpalatal arch: treatment duration and dentoskeletal changes","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2004.00283.x","article-title":"Incidence and severity of root resorption in orthodontically moved premolars in dogs","volume":"7","author":"Maltha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib46","first-page":"125","article-title":"Factors related to root resorption in edgewise practice","volume":"61","author":"Kaley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2012.42.6.280","article-title":"Preliminary three-dimensional analysis of tooth movement and arch dimension change of the maxillary dentition in Class II division 1 malocclusion treated with first premolar extraction: conventional anchorage vs. mini-implant anchorage","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji001","article-title":"The role of psycho-social factors in headgear compliance","volume":"27","author":"Agar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2012.42.3.147","article-title":"External apical root resorption in maxillary incisors in orthodontic patients: associated factors and radiographic evaluation","volume":"42","author":"Nanekrungsan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-014-0048-7","article-title":"Radiologically determined orthodontically induced external apical root resorption in incisors after non-surgical orthodontic treatment of class II division 1 malocclusion: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Tieu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm016","article-title":"Apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment\u2014a retrospective study","volume":"29","author":"Apajalahti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-003-0243-5","article-title":"Apical root resorption after lingual orthodontic therapy","volume":"64","author":"Fritz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(89)90051-6","article-title":"Labial root torque: effect on the maxilla and incisor root apex","volume":"95","author":"Goldin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib54","first-page":"30","article-title":"Apical root resorption in patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics","volume":"81","author":"Harris","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Tenn Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70189-6","article-title":"A heritable component for external apical root resorption in patients treated orthodontically","volume":"111","author":"Harris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjp165","article-title":"Root resorption before and after orthodontic treatment: a clinical study of contributory factors","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2011.41.1.17","article-title":"External root resorption after orthodontic treatment: a study of contributing factors","volume":"41","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-9-21","article-title":"Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with aligners? A retrospective radiometric study","volume":"9","author":"Krieger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib59","first-page":"76","article-title":"Factors related to apical root resorption of maxillary incisors in orthodontic patients","volume":"8","author":"Nigul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70128-8","article-title":"A radiographic study of posterior apical root resorption in orthodontic patients","volume":"105","author":"Hendrix","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.09.010","article-title":"Influence of miniscrew dental root proximity on its degree of late stability","volume":"42","author":"Janson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib62","first-page":"191","article-title":"\u201cSafe zones\u201d: a guide for miniscrew positioning in the maxillary and mandibular arch","volume":"76","author":"Poggio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2209\/tdcpublication.45.165","article-title":"Evaluation of the implantation position of mini-screws for orthodontic treatment in the maxillary molar area by a micro CT","volume":"45","author":"Ishii","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.06.036","article-title":"Effective en-masse retraction design with orthodontic mini-implant anchorage: a finite element analysis","volume":"137","author":"Sung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.05.020","article-title":"Displacement pattern of the maxillary arch depending on miniscrew position in sliding mechanics","volume":"140","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00001936","article-title":"Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous torque moment. Intra-individual study","volume":"62","author":"Casa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib67","first-page":"129","article-title":"Stress induced in the periodontal ligament under orthodontic loading (part I): a finite element method study using linear analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hemanth","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib68","first-page":"144","article-title":"Sliding mechanics in extraction cases with a bidimensional approach","volume":"8","author":"Greco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.06.018","article-title":"Do miniscrews remain stationary under orthodontic forces?","volume":"126","author":"Liou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2014.44.2.54","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary anterior alveolar bone for optimal placement of miniscrew implants","volume":"44","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.2319\/032511-212.1","article-title":"Do sand blasted with large grit and acid etched surface treated mini-implants remain stationary under orthodontic forces?","volume":"82","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib72","first-page":"280","article-title":"Severe Class II anterior deep bite malocclusion treated with a C-lingual retractor","volume":"74","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-012-1032-4","article-title":"Apical root resorption in maxillary incisors when employing micro-implant and J-hook headgear anchorage: a 4-month radiographic study","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib74","first-page":"475638","article-title":"Optimizing anterior en masse retraction with miniscrew anchorage","volume":"2011","author":"Vibhute","year":"2011","journal-title":"Case Rep Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.05.051","article-title":"Esthetic segmental retraction of maxillary anterior teeth with a palatal appliance and orthodontic mini-implants","volume":"131","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2319\/062011-399.1","article-title":"Influence of initial strain on the force decay of currently available elastic chains over time","volume":"82","author":"Buchmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.150331","article-title":"The effect of different environmental factors on force degradation of three common systems of orthodontic space closure","volume":"12","author":"Oshagh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.06.015","article-title":"Numeric simulations of en-masse space closure with sliding mechanics","volume":"138","author":"Kojima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjs110","article-title":"Force loss in archwire-guided tooth movement of conventional and self-ligating brackets","volume":"36","author":"Montasser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq178","article-title":"Effects of intrusion combined with anterior retraction on apical root resorption","volume":"34","author":"Martins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/21.5.491","article-title":"Evaluation of apical root resorption following extraction therapy in subjects with Class I and Class II malocclusions","volume":"21","author":"Taner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.1589","article-title":"Use of historical control data for assessing treatment effects in clinical trials","volume":"13","author":"Viele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2009.414","article-title":"Disappearing roots. A case of widespread apical root resorption","volume":"206","author":"Omer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/74146718","article-title":"Multiple idiopathic external apical root resorption: report of four cases","volume":"34","author":"Cholia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1590\/S2176-94512013000100022","article-title":"Predisposing factors to severe external root resorption associated to orthodontic treatment","volume":"18","author":"Picanco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2003.42","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to external apical root resorption","volume":"123","author":"Al-Qawasmi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2010.01780.x","article-title":"IL-8 and MCP-1 induced by excessive orthodontic force mediates odontoclastogenesis in periodontal tissues","volume":"17","author":"Asano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2004.00281.x","article-title":"Root resorption and its association with alterations in physical properties, mineral contents and resorption craters in human premolars following application of light and heavy controlled orthodontic forces","volume":"7","author":"Darendeliler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540616307430?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540616307430?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:02:54Z","timestamp":1760173374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540616307430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540616307430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Root resorption of maxillary incisors retracted with and without skeletal anchorage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.048","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 by the American Association of Orthodontists. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}