{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:18:09Z","timestamp":1790961489447,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T23:10:45Z","timestamp":1543014645000},"page":"860-876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Class II correction: Extraction or nonextraction?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"James L.","family":"Vaden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah L.","family":"Goforth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70090-7","article-title":"Differential diagnostic analysis systems","volume":"106","author":"Merrifield","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib2","series-title":"Leveling the curve of Spee; its effect on mandibular arch length","author":"Baldridge","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib3","first-page":"115","article-title":"The vertical dimension: the \u201clow angle\u201d patient","volume":"6","author":"Vaden","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(69)90036-0","article-title":"Prediction of mandibular growth rotation","volume":"55","author":"Bjork","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib5","first-page":"219","article-title":"Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relationships","volume":"41","author":"Isaacson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib6","first-page":"53","article-title":"The systems of directional force","volume":"10","author":"Merrifield","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Charles H. Tweed Int Found"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib7","series-title":"Orthodontics: current principles and techniques","article-title":"The Tweed-Merrifield edgewise appliance: philosophy, diagnosis, and treatment","author":"Vaden","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.03.030","article-title":"Relapse revisited\u2014again","volume":"142","author":"Dyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2016.12.004","article-title":"Long-term stability\u2014it begins with the treatment plan","volume":"23","author":"Vaden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2016.12.010","article-title":"Evidence based retention: where are we now?","volume":"23","author":"Littlewood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(98)80042-X","article-title":"Growth and the Class II patient: rendering unto Caesar","volume":"4","author":"Johnston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2011.10.010","article-title":"The current fashion of nonextraction dental arch expansion in orthodontics: a critique","volume":"18","author":"Peck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(78)90060-X","article-title":"Mechanics, growth and Class II corrections","volume":"74","author":"Hultgren","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70212-4","article-title":"Retention and stability: a review of the literature","volume":"114","author":"Blake","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib15","first-page":"53","article-title":"A meta-analysis of mandibular intercanine width in treatment and postretention","volume":"68","author":"Burke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/5.1.1","article-title":"Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible. A synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25 years","volume":"5","author":"Bjork","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(08)70111-O","article-title":"Mandibular arch length increase during mixed dentition: postretention evaluation of stability and relapse","volume":"97","author":"Little","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70077-X","article-title":"Dimensions of the denture: back to basics","volume":"106","author":"Merrifield","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)70127-0","article-title":"Straight talk about extraction and nonextraction: a differential diagnostic decision","volume":"109","author":"Vaden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-6347(45)90163-3","article-title":"A philosophy of orthodontic treatment","volume":"31","author":"Tweed","year":"1945","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(70)90164-8","article-title":"A study of directional forces","volume":"57","author":"Merrifield","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.06.020","article-title":"A novel approach for treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion: miniplates-based skeletal anchorage","volume":"153","author":"Al-Dumaini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.09.030","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of an adult with a skeletal Class II gummy smile using zygomatic temporary anchorage devices and improved superelastic nickel-titanium alloy wire","volume":"152","author":"Ishida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.2319\/120616-875.1","article-title":"Effects of skeletally anchored Class II elastics: a pilot study and new approach for treating Class II malocclusions","volume":"87","author":"Ozbilek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540618306875?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540618306875?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:05:33Z","timestamp":1760173533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540618306875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540618306875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Class II correction: Extraction or nonextraction?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.06.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the American Association of Orthodontists. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}