{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:23:28Z","timestamp":1791951808498,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T05:38:43Z","timestamp":1661924323000},"page":"e230-e245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using the anterior cranial base to provide a reliable reference plane for patients with or without facial asymmetry"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangtao","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuli","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7700-4697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengfei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-011-0512-4","article-title":"A three-dimensional comparison of a morphometric and conventional cephalometric midsagittal planes for craniofacial asymmetry","volume":"16","author":"Damstra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.12.025","article-title":"A simple and accurate craniofacial midsagittal plane definition","volume":"152","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.09.008","article-title":"Construction and validity of a midsagittal plane based on the symmetry of a 3-dimensional model of the relevant cranial base","volume":"159","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.2319\/090413-652.1","article-title":"Reliability of anatomic structures as landmarks in three-dimensional cephalometric analysis using CBCT","volume":"84","author":"Naji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq144","article-title":"Consistency and precision of landmark identification in three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography scans","volume":"34","author":"Schlicher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2319\/042018-302.1","article-title":"Reliability of different three-dimensional cephalometric landmarks in cone-beam computed tomography: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Sam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12299","article-title":"3D landmarks of Craniofacial Imaging and subsequent considerations on superimpositions in orthodontics-the Aarhus perspective","volume":"22","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.01.017","article-title":"Statistical shape analysis-based determination of optimal midsagittal reference plane for evaluation of facial asymmetry","volume":"150","author":"Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.11.038","article-title":"Novel method of constructing a stable reference frame for 3-dimensional cephalometric analysis","volume":"154","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350510019847","article-title":"Cranial base in craniofacial development: developmental features, influence on facial growth, anomaly, and molecular basis","volume":"63","author":"Nie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib11","first-page":"689","article-title":"The cranial base: the postnatal development of the cranial base studied histologically on human autopsy material","volume":"32","author":"Melsen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.02.032","article-title":"Growth changes in the anterior and middle cranial bases assessed with cone-beam computed tomography in adolescents","volume":"151","author":"Afrand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2174\/1877609401002010067","article-title":"Relationships between cranial base synchondroses and craniofacial development: a review","volume":"2","author":"Cendekiawan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Anat J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.03.019","article-title":"Anterior cranial-base time-related changes: a systematic review","volume":"146","author":"Afrand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.4.385","article-title":"Morphological relationship between the cranial base and dentofacial complex obtained by reconstructive computer tomographic images","volume":"25","author":"Hayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.03.024","article-title":"Morphologic relationship between the cranial base and the mandible in patients with facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism","volume":"144","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.09.010","article-title":"New 3-dimensional cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery","volume":"69","author":"Gateno","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.01.018","article-title":"Superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models of growing patients","volume":"136","author":"Cevidanes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.02.018","article-title":"A novel semi-automatic segmentation protocol for volumetric assessment of alveolar cleft grafting procedures","volume":"45","author":"Janssen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64383-9","article-title":"The effect of threshold level on bone segmentation of cranial base structures from CT and CBCT images","volume":"10","author":"Friedli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.006","article-title":"A comparison of craniofacial morphology in patients with and without facial asymmetry\u2014a\u00a0three-dimensional analysis with computed tomography","volume":"35","author":"Kwon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0335","article-title":"Basicranial influence on overall cranial shape","volume":"38","author":"Lieberman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.2319\/032315-186.1","article-title":"Cranial base characteristics in anteroposterior malocclusions: a meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1597\/032-163.1","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of craniofacial growth of Japanese children with isolated cleft palate: from palatoplasty to adolescence","volume":"42","author":"Fujita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1597\/04-163r.1","article-title":"Long-term effects of clefts on craniofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"42","author":"Liao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200405000-00004","article-title":"Clinical classification of positional plagiocephaly","volume":"15","author":"Argenta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1597\/04-174.1","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomography cephalometry of plagiocephaly: asymmetry and shape analysis","volume":"43","author":"Netherway","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.08.028","article-title":"Hybrid approach for automatic cephalometric landmark annotation on cone-beam computed tomography volumes","volume":"154","author":"Mont\u00fafar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170054","article-title":"Automatic localization of three-dimensional cephalometric landmarks on CBCT images by extracting symmetry features of the skull","volume":"47","author":"Neelapu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03990-w","article-title":"Deep learning for cephalometric landmark detection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Schwendicke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540622004310?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540622004310?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:13:55Z","timestamp":1760174035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540622004310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540622004310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Using the anterior cranial base to provide a reliable reference plane for patients with or without facial asymmetry","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.07.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the American Association of Orthodontists. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}