{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:35:33Z","timestamp":1789684533890,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008233","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JYLJ202114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYLJ202114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008233","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022yxyjxys-lc"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022yxyjxys-lc"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T04:51:50Z","timestamp":1760071910000},"page":"56-66.e2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Automated assessment of nasal septum deviation using cone-beam computed tomography images based on artificial intelligence: Development and multicenter validation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Qianglan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjuan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijiao","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3125-8552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingtai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9925-3221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib1","article-title":"Nasal septal deviation: a comprehensive narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2009.01.008","article-title":"Nasal, septal, and turbinate anatomy and embryology","volume":"42","author":"Neskey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1064654","article-title":"Growth of the deviated septum and its influence on midfacial development","volume":"8","author":"Pirsig","year":"1992","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-011-0247-1","article-title":"Prevalence of nasal septal deviation in new-borns and its precipitating factors: a cross-sectional study","volume":"64","author":"Harugop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib5","first-page":"485","article-title":"Incidence and treatment of deviation of nasal septum in newborns","volume":"70","author":"Podoshin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2003.07.005","article-title":"The prevalence of nasal septal deviation in children from kahramanmaras, turkey","volume":"67","author":"Yildirim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2015.3142","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of chronic Rhinosinusitus, allergic rhinitis, and nasal septal deviation: results of the Korean national health and nutrition survey 2008-2012","volume":"142","author":"Ahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of septal deviations in school-aged children","volume":"33","author":"Haapaniemi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.22.110","article-title":"Nasal septal anatomical variations among Saudi population and their possible coincidence with sinusitis: a computed tomography scan study","volume":"55","author":"Madani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_110_19","article-title":"Prevalence of nasal septum deviation using cone-beam computed tomography: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Moshfeghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of deviated nasal septum in the pediatric age group in Najran region, Saudi Arabia","volume":"24","author":"Abdullah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31876","article-title":"Morphology of nasal septal deviation in obstructive sleep apnea patients and its treatment method","volume":"135","author":"Miyamura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib13","first-page":"343","article-title":"Treatment timing for rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"71","author":"Baccetti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2008.521","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion for the treatment of nasal obstruction in children younger than 12 years","volume":"135","author":"Monini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin18.016","article-title":"Septoplasty for nasal obstruction due to a deviated nasal septum in adults: a systematic review","volume":"56","author":"van Egmond","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2016.30.4289","article-title":"Septoplasty in children","volume":"30","author":"Cingi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488509104794","article-title":"Experimental nasal septoplasty; influence on nasomaxillary development. A roentgen cephalometric study in growing domestic cats","volume":"100","author":"Freng","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199108000-00010","article-title":"The nasal septum in relation to the development of the nasomaxillary complex: a study in identical twins","volume":"101","author":"Grymer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.105260","article-title":"Efficiency evaluation of rapid maxillary expansion treatment on nasal septal deviation using tortuosity ratio from cone-beam computer tomography images","volume":"188","author":"Gokce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib22","first-page":"123","article-title":"RME: effects on the nasal septum. A CBCT evaluation","volume":"20","author":"Maspero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib23","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion has a beneficial effect on the ventilation in children with nasal septal deviation: a computational fluid dynamics study","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1916-0216-43-11","article-title":"Measurement tools for the diagnosis of nasal septal deviation: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Aziz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20150327","article-title":"The nasal septum deviation index (NSDI) based on CBCT data","volume":"45","author":"Codari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140282","article-title":"CBCT in orthodontics: assessment of treatment outcomes and indications for its use","volume":"44","author":"Kapila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2023.03.017","article-title":"Association between nasal septum deviation and transverse maxillary development: a retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"164","author":"Jongkhum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12812","article-title":"Promises and perils of artificial intelligence in dentistry","volume":"66","author":"Pethani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/57335","article-title":"The application of mask region-based convolutional neural networks in the detection of nasal septal deviation using cone beam computed tomography images: proof-of-concept study","volume":"8","author":"Shetty","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3615-8","article-title":"Relationship between nasal septal deformity, symptoms and disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"273","author":"Greguri\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-017-0136-2","article-title":"Relationship between the degree and direction of nasal septum deviation and nasal bone morphology","volume":"13","author":"Serifoglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.01.007","article-title":"Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies","volume":"31","author":"Neelapu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.08.021","article-title":"Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"Katyal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2013.0113","article-title":"Craniofacial morphological characteristics in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Flores-Mir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib33","first-page":"1853","article-title":"Nasal septum changes in adolescents treated with tooth-borne and bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion: a CBCT retrospective study using skeletal tortuosity ratio and deviation analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ronsivalle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(70)90241-1","article-title":"Palatal expansion: just the beginning of dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"57","author":"Haas","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9949","DOI":"10.3390\/app12199949","article-title":"A CBCT evaluation of nasal septal deviation and related nasofacial structures after maxillary skeletal expansion","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Sci"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540625003816?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540625003816?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:27:37Z","timestamp":1771493257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540625003816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540625003816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Automated assessment of nasal septum deviation using cone-beam computed tomography images based on artificial intelligence: Development and multicenter validation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2025.09.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American Association of Orthodontists. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}