{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:54:31Z","timestamp":1791215671486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003010","name":"Ege University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TGA-2021-22730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TGA-2021-22730"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajodo.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T11:06:23Z","timestamp":1784372783000},"page":"485-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does premolar extraction influence the biomechanics when leveling the curve of Spee? A finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Meltem","family":"Gediz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1998-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya\u011fmur Lena","family":"Sezici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-3115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furkan","family":"Dindaro\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12756","article-title":"Long-term stability of curve of Spee depth among orthodontically treated patients: a retrospective longitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Busenhart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.05.056","article-title":"Leveling the curve of Spee with a continuous archwire technique: a long term cephalometric study","volume":"131","author":"Bernstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2016.46.6.356","article-title":"Reference points suitable for evaluation of the additional arch length required for leveling the curve of Spee","volume":"46","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(77)90121-X","article-title":"Deep overbite correction by intrusion","volume":"72","author":"Burstone","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12409","article-title":"Soft tissue changes following extraction vs. nonextraction orthodontic fixed appliance treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Konstantonis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.08.021","article-title":"Extraction frequencies at a university orthodontic clinic in the 21st century: demographic and diagnostic factors affecting the likelihood of extraction","volume":"151","author":"Jackson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0722.2002.21255.x","article-title":"The curve of Spee and craniofacial morphology: a multiple regression analysis","volume":"110","author":"Farella","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib8","first-page":"192","article-title":"Morphologic factors in open bite and deep bite","volume":"53","author":"Trouten","year":"1983","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib9","first-page":"349","article-title":"Investigation of the changes in the positions of upper and lower incisors, overjet, overbite, and irregularity index in subjects with different depths of curve of Spee","volume":"74","author":"Bayda\u015f","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib10","series-title":"Clinical orthodontics","first-page":"135","author":"Tweed","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2020.06.014","article-title":"The use of finite element analysis in dentistry and orthodontics: critical points for model development and interpreting results","volume":"26","author":"Romanyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.2319\/061118-437.1","article-title":"Finite element analysis of stresses on adjacent teeth during the traction of palatally impacted canines","volume":"89","author":"Zeno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2024.10.012","article-title":"What is the role of second molars in leveling the curve of Spee? A finite element analysis study","volume":"167","author":"Lena Sezici","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cju017","article-title":"Finite element analysis of mandibular molar protraction mechanics using miniscrews","volume":"37","author":"Nihara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.09.017","article-title":"Two distalization methods compared in a novel patient-specific finite element analysis","volume":"156","author":"Ammoury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib16","series-title":"Wheeler\u2019s dental anatomy, physiology and occlusion","first-page":"71","author":"Nelson","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.06.031","article-title":"Analysis of stress in bone and microimplants during en-masse retraction of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth with different insertion angulations: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis study","volume":"141","author":"Jasmine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.01.022","article-title":"Mandibular canine intrusion with the segmented arch technique: a finite element method study","volume":"147","author":"Caballero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-020-00259-x","article-title":"Three-dimensional coupling between orthodontic bone remodeling and superelastic behavior of a NiTi wire applied for initial alignment","volume":"82","author":"Fathallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2016.46.5.310","article-title":"The effects of alveolar bone loss and miniscrew position on initial tooth displacement during intrusion of the maxillary anterior teeth: finite element analysis","volume":"46","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(75)90157-8","article-title":"Different extractions for different malocclusions","volume":"68","author":"Brandt","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib22","first-page":"948","article-title":"Arch width changes in extraction and nonextraction treatment in class I patients","volume":"75","author":"Aksu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-025-00586-y","article-title":"Evaluation of different methods of correcting deep bite in adult and adolescent patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Rasol","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-04894-7","article-title":"Leveling the curve of Spee using different sized archwires: a randomized clinical trial of blood flow changes","volume":"27","author":"Ba-Hattab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.09.023","article-title":"Leveling the curve of Spee with continuous archwire appliances in different vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective study","volume":"151","author":"Rozzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib26","first-page":"26","article-title":"Leveling the curve of Spee: its effect on mandibular arch length","volume":"3","author":"Baldridge","year":"1969","journal-title":"JPO J Pract Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2319\/050224-349.1","article-title":"In vitro measurement of the initial forces and moments generated for a curve of Spee malocclusion with labial and lingual archwire forms","volume":"95","author":"Yeung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2319\/051524-376.1","article-title":"Comparison between effects of reverse curve of Spee nickel titanium archwire and stainless steel archwires with and without torque on the lower incisors in deep overbite treatment: a randomized control study","volume":"95","author":"Shakhtour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-025-00585-z","article-title":"Factors influencing fenestration and dehiscence in the anterior teeth after clear aligner treatment: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib30","article-title":"Evaluation of stress distribution and displacement in the affected periodontium of mandibular incisors using utility intrusion and reverse curve of Spee arch wires: a finite element analysis","volume":"17","author":"Vamsi Krishna Reddy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03906-6","article-title":"Effects of different patterns of movement for correcting a deep curve of Spee with clear aligners on the anterior teeth: a finite element analysis","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib32","article-title":"Assessment of three different techniques in correcting deep overbite: a prospective clinical study","volume":"1","author":"Khaleel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.121009","article-title":"Long-term stability of the leveling of the curve of Spee","volume":"121","author":"De Praeter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06012-3","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of clear aligner therapy in leveling the curve of spee: a comparative study of extraction vs. non-extraction patients","volume":"25","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07208-3","article-title":"3D digital space analysis for leveling the curve of Spee","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70183-6","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of rectangular and round arch wires in leveling the curve of Spee","volume":"116","author":"AlQabandi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70134-2","article-title":"An evaluation of the torsional moments developed in orthodontic applications. An in vitro study","volume":"105","author":"Odegaard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2021.1999426","article-title":"Development and verification of a constitutive model for human periodontal ligament based on finite element analysis","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540626002891?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889540626002891?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:21:00Z","timestamp":1791213660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889540626002891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889540626002891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-5406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-5406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Does premolar extraction influence the biomechanics when leveling the curve of Spee? A finite element analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2026.04.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American Association of Orthodontists. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}