{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:53:04Z","timestamp":1791924784123,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,18]],"date-time":"2005-04-18T14:21:11Z","timestamp":1113834071000},"page":"1341-1346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Is a change in the vaginal flora associated with an increased risk of preterm birth?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"J. Christopher","family":"Carey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Klebanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and other asymptomatic vaginal infections in pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Carey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Womens Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198404123101502","article-title":"Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum in the placenta with perinatal morbidity and mortality","volume":"310","author":"Kundsin","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib3","first-page":"123","article-title":"Preterm labour in association with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: case reports","volume":"60","author":"Lacey","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib4","first-page":"212","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes. An important pathogen in premature labor and intrauterine fetal sepsis","volume":"28","author":"Rivera-Alsina","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(66)90022-6","article-title":"Prematurity associated with cervicitis and vaginitis during pregnancy","volume":"94","author":"Hawkinson","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib6","first-page":"89","article-title":"Mycoplasmas and human reproductive failure","volume":"131","author":"Kundsin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib7","first-page":"261","article-title":"Genital mycoplasmas as a cause of excess premature delivery","volume":"94","author":"Kass","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32589-3","article-title":"Premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and group B streptococcal colonization of mothers","volume":"141","author":"Regan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320360035027","article-title":"Prematurity and perinatal mortality in pregnancies complicated by maternal Chlamydia trachomatis infections","volume":"247","author":"Martin","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332604","article-title":"Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low birth weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group","volume":"333","author":"Hillier","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199707000-00008","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group","volume":"24","author":"Cotch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib12","first-page":"643","article-title":"Vaginal clindamycin in preventing preterm birth and peripartal infections in asymptomatic women with bacterial vaginosis: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"97","author":"Kekki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11660.x","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of vaginal clindamycin for early pregnancy bacterial vaginosis","volume":"107","author":"Kurkinen-Raty","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-0997(2000)8:3\/4<158::AID-IDOG11>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Effect of intravaginal clindamycin cream on pregnancy outcome and on abnormal vaginal microbial flora of pregnant women","volume":"8","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08363.x","article-title":"Prophylactic administration of clindamycin 2% vaginal cream to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women with an increased recurrence risk: a randomised placebo controlled double blind trial","volume":"106","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1999","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90644-4","article-title":"Intravaginal clindamycin treatment for bacterial vaginosis: effects on preterm delivery and low birth weight","volume":"173","author":"Joesoef","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11009.x","article-title":"Impact of metronidazole therapy on preterm birth in women with bacterial vaginosis flora (Gardnerella vaginalis): a randomised, placebo controlled trial","volume":"104","author":"McDonald","year":"1997","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90506-M","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of erythromycin for the treatment of Ureaplasma urealyticum to prevent premature delivery. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group","volume":"164","author":"Eschenbach","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90493-X","article-title":"Outcome of the Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study: results of a clinical trial of erythromycin among pregnant women colonized with group B streptococci","volume":"172","author":"Klebanoff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib20","first-page":"10","article-title":"Double-blind placebo-controlled treatment trial of Chlamydia trachomatis endocervical infections in pregnant women","volume":"5","author":"Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002243420802","article-title":"Metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units","volume":"342","author":"Carey","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003329","article-title":"Failure of metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery among pregnant women with asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infection","volume":"345","author":"Klebanoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199312000-00005","article-title":"The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study: an overview","volume":"36","author":"Carey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332603","article-title":"Reduced incidence of preterm delivery with metronidazole and erythromycin in women with bacterial vaginosis","volume":"333","author":"Hauth","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000292331","article-title":"Endocervical pathogens in women with preterm and term labour","volume":"40","author":"Nadisauskiene","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069_bib26","first-page":"407","article-title":"Microbiologic efficacy of intravaginal clindamycin cream for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis","volume":"76","author":"Hillier","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937805000451?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937805000451?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T09:58:03Z","timestamp":1757584683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937805000451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937805000451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is a change in the vaginal flora associated with an increased risk of preterm birth?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.069","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}