{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T02:45:18Z","timestamp":1793760318199,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,29]],"date-time":"2006-01-29T07:02:17Z","timestamp":1138518137000},"page":"S3-S11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1079,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Lane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08657-9","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"359","author":"Cummings","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050224","article-title":"Interim report and recommendations of the World Health Organization Task-Force for Osteoporosis","volume":"10","author":"Genant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib3","series-title":"America's bone health: the state of osteoporosis and low bone mass in our nation","author":"National Osteoporosis Foundation","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib4","unstructured":"International Osteoporosis Foundation. The facts about osteoporosis and its impact. International Osteoporosis Foundation Web site. Available at: http:\/\/www.osteofound.org\/press_centre\/fact_sheet.html. Accessed July 26, 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib5","first-page":"1","article-title":"NIH consensus statement: osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"17","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2000","journal-title":"NIH Consens Statement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib6","first-page":"785","article-title":"NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"285","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1490-4","article-title":"Mortality after osteoporotic fractures","volume":"15","author":"Johnell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1510-4","article-title":"Impact of postural deformities and spinal mobility on quality of life in postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"14","author":"Miyakoshi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-3-11","article-title":"The impact of incident vertebral and non-vertebral fractures on health related quality of life in postmenopausal women","volume":"3","author":"Adachi","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050210","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with vertebral fractures: validation of the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO). Working Party for Quality of Life of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis","volume":"10","author":"Lips","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1702-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"16","author":"Johnell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib12","series-title":"Physician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis","author":"National Osteoporosis Foundation","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-5029(99)90010-X","article-title":"Management of osteoporosis","volume":"45","author":"Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib14","series-title":"Osteoporosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management","first-page":"162","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"843","author":"WHO Study Group","year":"1994","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)80004-A","article-title":"Bone density: BMC, BMD, or corrected BMD?","volume":"16","author":"Compston","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7041.1254","article-title":"Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"312","author":"Marshall","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.12.2214","article-title":"The relationship between bone density and incident vertebral fracture in men and women","volume":"17","author":"European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (EPOS) Group","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.12.2222","article-title":"Prediction of fracture risk in postmenopausal white women with peripheral bone densitometry: evidence from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment","volume":"17","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92555-8","article-title":"Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group","volume":"341","author":"Cummings","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(03)00059-9","article-title":"Osteoporosis imaging","volume":"41","author":"Link","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2004.12.020","article-title":"The bone quality framework: determinants of bone strength and their interrelationships, and implications for osteoporosis management","volume":"27","author":"Felsenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(02)00078-6","article-title":"The structural and biomechanical basis of the gain and loss of bone strength in women and men","volume":"32","author":"Seeman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01124-X","article-title":"Improvement in spine bone density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures during treatment with antiresorptive drugs","volume":"112","author":"Cummings","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib25","first-page":"115","article-title":"Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"21","author":"Manolagas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110307","article-title":"Increased bone turnover in late postmenopausal women is a major determinant of osteoporosis","volume":"11","author":"Garnero","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-2760(92)90032-V","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoporosis","volume":"3","author":"Cooper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(02)00058-0","article-title":"Establishment of peak bone mass","volume":"32","author":"Mora","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.4.710","article-title":"Risk factors for longitudinal bone loss in elderly men and women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study","volume":"15","author":"Hannan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.9.1622","article-title":"Low body mass index is an important risk factor for low bone mass and increased bone loss in early postmenopausal women. Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort (EPIC) study group","volume":"14","author":"Ravn","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809103391104","article-title":"Endogenous hormones and the risk of hip and vertebral fractures among older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group","volume":"339","author":"Cummings","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503233321202","article-title":"Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group","volume":"332","author":"Cummings","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.4.721","article-title":"Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: a summary of the literature and statistical synthesis","volume":"15","author":"Klotzbuecher","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.3.320","article-title":"Risk of new vertebral fracture in the year following a fracture","volume":"285","author":"Lindsay","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.5.821","article-title":"Prevalent vertebral deformities predict hip fractures and new vertebral deformities but not wrist fractures. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group","volume":"14","author":"Black","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00919-5","article-title":"Independent predictors of all osteoporosis-related fractures in healthy postmenopausal women: The OFELY Study","volume":"32","author":"Albrand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(02)00064-6","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","volume":"32","author":"Saag","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.54.10.801","article-title":"Risk of vertebral fracture and relationship to bone mineral density in steroid treated rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"54","author":"Peel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11283","article-title":"Bone density threshold and other predictors of vertebral fracture in patients receiving oral glucocorticoid therapy","volume":"48","author":"van Staa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.2.215","article-title":"Smoking increases bone loss and decreases intestinal calcium absorption","volume":"14","author":"Krall","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7112.841","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: recognition of a major effect","volume":"315","author":"Law","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.2.322","article-title":"Osteoporosis in elderly men and women: effects of dietary calcium, physical activity, and body mass index","volume":"15","author":"Nguyen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.4.0437","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications","volume":"22","author":"Lips","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib44","unstructured":"National Osteoporosis Foundation. Medications that may cause bone loss\u2014pack of 50. Available at: http:\/\/www.nof.org\/catalog\/order_form_stand_alone_080505. Accessed July 26, 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib45","series-title":"Osteoporosis","first-page":"435","article-title":"Race, ethnicity, and osteoporosis","author":"Villa","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib46","first-page":"280","article-title":"Variations in hip fracture hospitalization rates among different race\/ethnicity groups in New York City","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90142-1","article-title":"Differences in outcome between black and white elderly hip fracture patients","volume":"40","author":"Furstenberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.3.326","article-title":"Sex-specific and race-specific hip fracture rates","volume":"80","author":"Kellie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00025-9","article-title":"Body size and hip fracture risk in older women: a prospective study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group","volume":"103","author":"Ensrud","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170072","article-title":"An assessment tool for predicting fracture risk in postmenopausal women","volume":"12","author":"Black","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib51","first-page":"1357","article-title":"Radiologic bone assessment in the evaluation of osteoporosis","volume":"65","author":"Brunader","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:2:3:343","article-title":"Discordance in patient classification using T-scores","volume":"2","author":"Faulkner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:7:1:1","article-title":"Official positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry","volume":"7","author":"Leib","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00014","article-title":"Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: recommendations and rationale","volume":"137","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.9.6.544","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2001 edition, with selected updates for 2003","volume":"9","author":"AACE (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists) Guidelines","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib56","series-title":"Harrison's principles of internal medicine","first-page":"2226","article-title":"Osteoporosis","author":"Lindsay","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib57","unstructured":"University of Washington Online Continuing Medical Education. Osteoporosis and bone physiology. Diagnosis of osteoporosis 2003. Available at: http:\/\/uwcme.org\/courses\/bonephys\/diagnosis.html. Accessed November 11, 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.5.906","article-title":"Can novel clinical densitometric techniques replace or improve DXA in predicting bone strength in osteoporosis at the hip and other skeletal sites?","volume":"18","author":"Lochm\u00fcller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01124-X","article-title":"Improvement in spine bone density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures during treatment with antiresorptive drugs","volume":"112","author":"Cummings","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.1.1","article-title":"Relationships between bone mineral density and incident vertebral fracture risk with raloxifene therapy","volume":"17","author":"Sarkar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:7:3:255","article-title":"Relationship between changes in bone mineral density and vertebral fracture risk associated with risedronate","volume":"7","author":"Watts","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib62","series-title":"Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism","first-page":"166","article-title":"Biochemical markers of bone turnover","author":"Khosla","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.6.1051","article-title":"Relationship of early changes in bone resorption to the reduction in fracture risk with risedronate","volume":"18","author":"Eastell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00946-8","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of risedronate: a 5-year placebo-controlled clinical experience","volume":"32","author":"Sorensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib65","first-page":"1890","article-title":"Effect of combined risedronate and hormone replacement therapies on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women","volume":"86","author":"Harris","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200011000-00002","article-title":"Esterified estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women: relationships of bone marker changes and plasma estradiol to BMD changes\u2014a two-year study","volume":"7","author":"Watts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/60.9.883","article-title":"Current approaches to the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"60","author":"Follin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070002","article-title":"The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis. Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation","volume":"11","author":"Delmas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib69","first-page":"31","article-title":"Validation of a new automated immunoassay for measurement of intact osteocalcin","volume":"48","author":"Fassbender","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/41.11.1560","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody assay for measuring bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity in serum","volume":"41","author":"Gomez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(02)00077-4","article-title":"Biochemical markers of bone remodeling","volume":"32","author":"Seibel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.3.597","article-title":"Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b is a specific and sensitive marker of bone resorption","volume":"47","author":"Halleen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.0301244","article-title":"Biochemical markers of bone metabolism and prediction of fracture in elderly women","volume":"19","author":"Gerdhem","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.1.74","article-title":"Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b as serum marker for osteoclastic activity","volume":"47","author":"Janckila","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937805013700?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937805013700?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T10:15:31Z","timestamp":1757585731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937805013700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937805013700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}