{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:51:36Z","timestamp":1791222696709,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,2]],"date-time":"2007-04-02T07:12:44Z","timestamp":1175497964000},"page":"289-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["Progesterone withdrawal: key to parturition"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Tamas","family":"Zakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hertelendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000301641","article-title":"The early history of progesterone","volume":"5","author":"Corner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gynecol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib2","series-title":"Modern trends in obstetrics and gynecology","first-page":"20","article-title":"The mechanism of myometrial function and its disorders","author":"Csapo","year":"1955"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90517-6","article-title":"Effects of luteectomy and progesterone replacement therapy in early pregnant patients","volume":"115","author":"Csapo","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5326.681","article-title":"Failure of parturition in mice lacking the prostaglandin F receptor","volume":"277","author":"Sugimoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.45.519.57","article-title":"The luteo-placental shift, the guardian of pre-natal life","volume":"45","author":"Csapo","year":"1969","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(79)90472-1","article-title":"Effects of antiprogesterone on pregnancy: I, mid pregnancy","volume":"133","author":"Csapo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48548.x","article-title":"The endocrinology of human parturition","volume":"828","author":"Casey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0596-556","article-title":"Cortisol blockade of progesterone: a possible molecular mechanism involved in the initiation of human labor","volume":"2","author":"Karalis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.229","article-title":"Leukocytes infiltrate the myometrium during human parturition: further evidence that labor is an inflammatory process","volume":"14","author":"Thomson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6217","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.11.6217","article-title":"Negative interaction between the RelA(p65) subunit of NF-kappaB and the progesterone receptor","volume":"271","author":"Kalkhoven","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2004.12.027","article-title":"New insights into the molecular endocrinology of parturition","volume":"93","author":"Mendelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib12","first-page":"502","article-title":"Physiological action of progesterone in target tissues","volume":"18","author":"Graham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib13","first-page":"1244","article-title":"Human progesterone receptor A form is a cell- and promoter-specific repressor of human progesterone receptor B function","volume":"7","author":"Vegeto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/7.9.875","article-title":"Interactions between progesterone receptor isoforms in myometrial cells in human labor","volume":"7","author":"Pieber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib15","first-page":"125","article-title":"Progesterone receptor localization and isoforms in myometrium, decidua, and fetal membranes from rhesus macaques: evidence for functional progesterone withdrawal at parturition","volume":"9","author":"Haluska","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8609","article-title":"Progesterone withdrawal and estrogen activation in human parturition are coordinated by progesterone receptor A expression in the myometrium","volume":"87","author":"Mesiano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0242","article-title":"Up-regulation of the progesterone receptor (PR)-C isoform in laboring myometrium by activation of nuclear factor-kappaB may contribute to the onset of labor through inhibition of PR function","volume":"20","author":"Condon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib18","first-page":"1379","article-title":"An amino-terminal truncated progesterone receptor isoform, PRc, enhances progestin-induced transcriptional activity","volume":"10","author":"Wei","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(90)90394-Z","article-title":"Enzyme immunoassay of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in uterine and intrauterine tissue during human pregnancy and labor","volume":"37","author":"Padayachi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah161","article-title":"Progesterone receptor expression in human decidua and fetal membranes before and after contractions: possible mechanism for functional progesterone withdrawal","volume":"11","author":"Goldman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0510","article-title":"The progesterone receptor in human term amniochorion and placenta is isoform C","volume":"147","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.116753","article-title":"Reduced binding of progesterone receptor to its nuclear response element after human labor onset","volume":"185","author":"Henderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.05.071","article-title":"Progesterone receptor isoform (A\/B) ratio of human fetal membranes increases during term parturition","volume":"193","author":"Oh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08280.x","article-title":"Two distinct estrogen-regulated promoters generate transcripts encoding the two functionally different human progesterone receptor forms A and B","volume":"9","author":"Kastner","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15111","article-title":"Regulation of estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor (isoform A and B) expression in cultured human endometrial cells","volume":"109","author":"Prange-Kiel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031037","article-title":"Prostaglandins differentially modulate progesterone receptor-A and -B expression in human myometrial cells: evidence for prostaglandin-induced functional progesterone withdrawal","volume":"89","author":"Madsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899809005850","article-title":"The role of prostaglandins in human parturition","volume":"30","author":"Gibb","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib28","first-page":"321","article-title":"Nuclear receptor coregulators: cellular and molecular biology","volume":"20","author":"McKenna","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.9.3102-3115.2000","article-title":"The opposing transcriptional activities of the two isoforms of the human progesterone receptor are due to differential cofactor binding","volume":"20","author":"Giangrande","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1633616100","article-title":"A decline in the levels of progesterone receptor coactivators in the pregnant uterus at term may antagonize progesterone receptor function and contribute to the initiation of parturition","volume":"100","author":"Condon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0243","article-title":"Progesterone signaling in human myometrium through two novel membrane G protein coupled receptors: potential role in functional progesterone withdrawal at term","volume":"20","author":"Karteris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1684fje","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha suppresses the expression of steroid receptor coactivator-1 and -2: a possible mechanism contributing to changes in steroid hormone responsiveness","volume":"18","author":"Leite","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.13.1553","article-title":"CBP\/p300 in cell growth, transformation, and development","volume":"14","author":"Goodman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2004.10.012","article-title":"Expression and interaction of the transcriptional coregulators, CBP\/p300, in the human myometrium during pregnancy and labor","volume":"12","author":"Long","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.15.5451-5466.2002","article-title":"Jun dimerization protein 2 functions as a progesterone receptor N-terminal domain coactivator","volume":"22","author":"Wardell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(98)01438-3","article-title":"Conjunction dysfunction: CBP\/p300 in human disease","volume":"14","author":"Giles","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.3.1369","article-title":"The nuclear corepressors NCoR and SMRT are key regulators of both ligand- and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP-dependent transcriptional activity of the human progesterone receptor","volume":"18","author":"Wagner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib38","first-page":"1835","article-title":"Down-regulation of G alpha s in human myometrium in term and preterm labor: a mechanism for parturition","volume":"79","author":"Europe-Finner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib39","first-page":"745","article-title":"The biological activity of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-adenylate cyclase complex in human myometrium is reduced at the end of pregnancy","volume":"81","author":"Grammatopoulos","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13329","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409187200","article-title":"Identification and characterization of the protein-associated splicing factor as a negative co-regulator of the progesterone receptor","volume":"280","author":"Dong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/2.6.433","article-title":"Nuclear factor-kappa-B\/steroid hormone receptor interactions as a functional basis of anti-inflammatory action of steroids in reproductive organs","volume":"2","author":"van der Burg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/7.6.581","article-title":"Human labor is associated with nuclear factor-kappaB activity which mediates cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression and is involved with the \u2018functional progesterone withdrawal\u2019","volume":"7","author":"Allport","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0112","article-title":"Progesterone receptor (PR) plays a major anti-inflammatory role in human myometrial cells by antagonism of NF-{kappa}B activation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression","volume":"20","author":"Hardy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1167","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00116.2002","article-title":"Messenger RNA for progesterone receptor isoforms in the late-gestation rat uterus","volume":"283","author":"Fang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9744","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1732707100","article-title":"Defective mammary gland morphogenesis in mice lacking the progesterone receptor B isoform","volume":"100","author":"Mulac-Jericevic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5485.1751","article-title":"Subgroup of reproductive functions of progesterone mediated by progesterone receptor-B isoform","volume":"289","author":"Mulac-Jericevic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70570-2","article-title":"Inhibition and augmentation of progesterone production during pregnancy: effects on parturition in rhesus monkeys","volume":"176","author":"Haluska","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(84)90125-0","article-title":"High affinity progesterone binding sites of human uterine microsomal membranes","volume":"20","author":"Haukkamaa","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0436133100","article-title":"Identification, classification, and partial characterization of genes in humans and other vertebrates homologous to a fish membrane progestin receptor","volume":"100","author":"Zhu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06242","article-title":"Regulated expression of putative membrane progestin receptor homologues in human endometrium and gestational tissues","volume":"187","author":"Fernandes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah248","article-title":"Examining the spatio-temporal expression of mRNA encoding the membrane-bound progesterone receptor-alpha isoform in human cervix and myometrium during pregnancy and labor","volume":"12","author":"Chapman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00304-5","article-title":"Progesterone receptor contains a proline-rich motif that directly interacts with SH3 domains and activates c-Src family tyrosine kinases","volume":"8","author":"Boonyaratanakornkit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(02)00380-5","article-title":"Cloning and expression of a novel, truncated, progesterone receptor","volume":"200","author":"Saner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000980206","article-title":"Progesterone block","volume":"98","author":"Csapo","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am J Anat"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937806011884?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937806011884?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T10:22:32Z","timestamp":1757586152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937806011884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937806011884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Progesterone withdrawal: key to parturition","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}