{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:13:11Z","timestamp":1793401991017,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T19:15:27Z","timestamp":1405710927000},"page":"100.e1-100.e7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: maternal and fetal outcomes associated with elevated bile acid levels"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Brouwers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria P.H.","family":"Koster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godelieve C.M.L.","family":"Page-Christiaens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Kemperman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Boon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge M.","family":"Evers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Auke","family":"Bogte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn A.","family":"Oudijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80139-7","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis and management","volume":"33","author":"Lammert","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)32012-5","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a past and present riddle","volume":"5","author":"Arrese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib3","unstructured":"Dutch national guideline (NVOG) on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (Zwangerschapscholestase) [updated 2011 March 23]. Available at: http:\/\/nvog-documenten.nl\/index.php?pagina=\/richtlijn\/item\/pagina.php&richtlijn_id=8784. Accessed Jan. 27, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-88-4-487","article-title":"Prevalence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in Chile","volume":"88","author":"Reyes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.009","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of cholestatic liver diseases","volume":"51","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802034446","article-title":"Comparative study on the outcome of obstetric cholestasis","volume":"21","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211545","article-title":"The prevalence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in a primarily Latina Los\u00a0Angeles population","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1078756","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes during an era of aggressive management for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28343","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028343","article-title":"Fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in a northern California cohort","volume":"7","author":"Rook","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1000363","article-title":"The bile acid taurocholate impairs rat cardiomyocyte function: a proposed mechanism for intra-uterine foetal death in obstetric cholestasis","volume":"100","author":"Williamson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Sci Lond"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1030191","article-title":"Taurocholate induces changes in rat cardiomyocyte contraction and calcium dynamics","volume":"103","author":"Gorelik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00166.x","article-title":"Comparison of the arrhythmogenic effects of tauro- and glycoconjugates of cholic acid in an in\u00a0vitro study of rat cardiomyocytes","volume":"111","author":"Gorelik","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(91)90222-7","article-title":"Vasoconstrictive effect of bile acids on isolated human placental chorionic veins","volume":"42","author":"Sepulveda","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00545-3","article-title":"Bile acids increase response and expression of human myometrial oxytocin receptor","volume":"189","author":"Germain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348609158391","article-title":"Maximal response to oxytocin of the isolated myometrium from pregnant patients with intrahepatic cholestasis","volume":"65","author":"Israel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20336","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: relationships between bile acid levels and foetal complication rates","volume":"40","author":"Glantz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2174\/157488411794941313","article-title":"The pharmacological management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Azzaroli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20952","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial comparing dexamethasone and ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"42","author":"Glantz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib19","unstructured":"England national guideline on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (\u201cObstetric cholestasis\u201d) [updated 2011 May 19]. Available at: http:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/womens-health\/clinical-guidance\/obstetric-cholestasis-green-top-43. Accessed May 11, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26617","article-title":"Association of severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy with adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective population-based case-control study","volume":"59","author":"Geenes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1080\/15513819609168713","article-title":"Reference values for singleton and twin placental weights","volume":"16","author":"Pinar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib22","unstructured":"The Netherlands Perinatal Registry (PRN), figures of 2008. [Updated 2011 April]. Available at: http:\/\/www.perinatreg.nl\/uploads\/150\/122\/Jaarboek_Zorg_in_Nederland_2008.PDF. Accessed Jan. 27, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348609158224","article-title":"Effects of cholic acid infusion in fetal lambs","volume":"65","author":"Campos","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000289","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000289","article-title":"Gestational age at delivery and special educational need: retrospective cohort study of 407,503 schoolchildren","volume":"7","author":"MacKay","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F167","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300888","article-title":"Early term and late preterm birth are associated with poorer school performance at age 5 years: a cohort study","volume":"97","author":"Quigley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib26","first-page":"185","article-title":"Fetal sulfated and unsulfated bile acids in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"92","author":"Laatikainen","year":"1978","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198702000-00017","article-title":"Biliary bile acid composition of the human fetus in the early gestation","volume":"21","author":"Colombo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198011000-00014","article-title":"Serum bile acids in newborns and children","volume":"14","author":"Barbara","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110314","article-title":"Postnatal physiologic hypercholemia in both premature and\u00a0full-term infants","volume":"68","author":"Barnes","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026_bib30","first-page":"163A","article-title":"Correction of fetal cord serum bile acid profile by maternal ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Brites","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937814007261?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937814007261?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T10:58:43Z","timestamp":1757588323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937814007261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937814007261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: maternal and fetal outcomes associated with elevated bile acid levels","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.07.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}