{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:00:23Z","timestamp":1792101623735,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,2]],"date-time":"2015-12-02T05:55:45Z","timestamp":1449035745000},"page":"661.e1-661.e10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Location of childbirth for rural women: implications for maternal levels of care"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Katy B.","family":"Kozhimannil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1529-0819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peiyin","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailendra","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira S.","family":"Moscovice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Toward improving the outcome of pregnancy: recommendations for the regional development of perinatal health services","volume":"46","author":"Ryan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib2","series-title":"Toward improving the outcome of pregnancy III: enhancing perinatal health through quality, safety and performance initiatives","author":"March of Dimes","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.66.4.540","article-title":"Evaluation of a rural perinatal care system","volume":"66","author":"Hein","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.08.005","article-title":"The effectiveness of regionalization of perinatal care services\u2013a systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Rashidian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1226","article-title":"Perinatal regionalization for very low-birth-weight and very preterm infants","volume":"304","author":"Lasswell","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.05.018","article-title":"Where should I have my baby?","volume":"207","author":"Bailit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000443278.06393.d6","article-title":"Health disparities in rural women. Committee opinion no. 586","volume":"123","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318242b4cb","article-title":"Drive\u00a0times to hospitals with perinatal care in the\u00a0United States","volume":"119","author":"Rayburn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-147","article-title":"Distance matters: a population-based study examining access to maternity services for rural women","volume":"11","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809-e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.03.038","article-title":"Unexpected complications of low-risk pregnancies in the United States","volume":"212","author":"Danilack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib11","first-page":"365","article-title":"The rural obstetric workforce in US hospitals: challenges and opportunities","volume":"31","author":"Kozhimannil","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rural Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.12.030","article-title":"Levels of maternal care","volume":"212","author":"Menard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31826af878","article-title":"Maternal mortality, near misses, and severe morbidity: lowering rates through designated levels of maternity care","volume":"120","author":"Hankins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib14","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). HCUP SID database documentation. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Rockville (MD). Available at: https:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/db\/state\/siddbdocumentation.jsp. Accessed Jan. 1,\u00a02015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib15","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). HCUP quality control procedures. March 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Rockville, MD. Available at: www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/db\/quality.jsp. Accessed August 6, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib16","unstructured":"American Hospital Association. Annual survey database fiscal year 2010 and 2012. Chicago (IL): American Hospital Association Resource Center."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-007-0256-6","article-title":"An\u00a0enhanced method for identifying obstetric deliveries: implications for estimating maternal morbidity","volume":"12","author":"Kuklina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31826d60c5","article-title":"Severe maternal morbidity among delivery and postpartum hospitalizations in the United States","volume":"120","author":"Callaghan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib19","unstructured":"Office of Management and Budget. OMB bulletin no. 13\u201301. Revised delineations of metropolitan statistical areas, micropolitan statistical areas, and combined statistical areas, and guidance on uses of the delineations of these areas. Washington (DC), 2013: 1-1-152. Available at https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/omb\/bulletins\/2013\/b-13-01.pdf. Accessed August 6, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2011.01249.x","article-title":"Improving perinatal regionalization for preterm deliveries in a Medicaid covered population: initial impact of the Arkansas ANGELS intervention","volume":"46","author":"Bronstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558712458157","article-title":"Use of specialty OB consults during high-risk pregnancies in a Medicaid-covered population: initial impact of the Arkansas ANGELS intervention","volume":"69","author":"Bronstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2011.59","article-title":"Quantifying risks of preterm birth in the Arkansas Medicaid population, 2001-2005","volume":"32","author":"Wingate","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2465-5","article-title":"Evolving trends in maternal fetal medicine referrals in a rural state using telemedicine","volume":"286","author":"Magann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.01.027","article-title":"ANGELS and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences paradigm for distant obstetrical care delivery","volume":"196","author":"Lowery","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib25","article-title":"Geospatial analysis using SAS and the Google Map API","author":"Nguyen","year":"2009","journal-title":"SAS Global Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib26","article-title":"Driving distances and times using\u00a0SAS and Google maps","author":"Zdeb","year":"2010","journal-title":"SAS Global Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib27","unstructured":"Greene WH. Econometric analysis. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib28","unstructured":"Kozhimannil KB, Casey MM, Hung P, et\u00a0al. Rural women delivering babies in non-local hospitals: differences by rurality and insurance\u00a0status. Minneapolis (MN). Available at http:\/\/rhrc.umn.edu\/2015\/06\/non-local-ob\/. Accessed August 6, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-16-1-87","article-title":"Bypassing rural hospitals for obstetrics care","volume":"16","author":"Bronstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Health Polit Policy Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib30","first-page":"252","article-title":"Understanding rural hospital bypass behavior","volume":"19","author":"Radcliff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rural Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib31","first-page":"201","article-title":"Choice of hospital for delivery: a comparison of high-risk and low-risk women","volume":"28","author":"Phibbs","year":"1993","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib32","first-page":"416","article-title":"Trends in rural and urban deliveries and vaginal births: California 1998-2002","volume":"24","author":"Hughes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rural Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199009000-00013","article-title":"Determinants of rural travel distance for obstetrics care","volume":"28","author":"Bronstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181df94e8","article-title":"Regionalization of care for obstetric hemorrhage and its effect on maternal mortality","volume":"115","author":"Wright","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.026","article-title":"The impact of hospital obstetric volume on maternal outcomes in term, non-low-birthweight pregnancies","volume":"212","author":"Snowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.05.010","article-title":"The association between hospital obstetrical volume and maternal postpartum complications","volume":"207","author":"Kyser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.09.029","article-title":"The association between hospital obstetric volume and perinatal outcomes in California","volume":"207","author":"Snowden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937815024035?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937815024035?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:09:13Z","timestamp":1757588953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937815024035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937815024035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Location of childbirth for rural women: implications for maternal levels of care","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}