{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T21:41:11Z","timestamp":1789854071981,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]],"date-time":"2015-12-18T04:17:26Z","timestamp":1450412246000},"page":"723.e1-723.e11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Treatment patterns and short-term outcomes in ischemic stroke in pregnancy or postpartum period"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Leffert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin R.","family":"Clancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margueritte","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip J.","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3956-1668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3192-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregg C.","family":"Fonarow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Kuklina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary G.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee H.","family":"Schwamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.09.021","article-title":"Maternal death from stroke: a thirty year national retrospective review","volume":"171","author":"Foo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000228277.84760.a2","article-title":"Intracerebral hemorrhage in pregnancy: frequency, risk factors, and outcome","volume":"67","author":"Bateman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000590","article-title":"Hypertensive disorders and pregnancy-related stroke: frequency, trends, risk factors, and outcomes","volume":"125","author":"Leffert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000151116.84113.56","article-title":"Stroke and severe preeclampsia and eclampsia: a paradigm shift focusing on systolic blood pressure","volume":"105","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60834-3","article-title":"Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study","volume":"376","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.610592","article-title":"Trends in pregnancy hospitalizations that included a stroke in the United States from 1994 to 2007: reasons for concern?","volume":"42","author":"Kuklina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000442009.06663.48","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"45","author":"Bushnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199609123351102","article-title":"Pregnancy and the risk of stroke","volume":"335","author":"Kittner","year":"1996","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.03.006","article-title":"Stroke in women of reproductive age: comparison between stroke related and unrelated to pregnancy","volume":"221","author":"Jeng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib10","unstructured":"Label for Activase. 2015. Available at: http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2015\/103172s5203lbl.pdf. Accessed: September 28,\u00a02015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411587","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke","volume":"372","author":"Berkhemer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414792","article-title":"Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection","volume":"372","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414905","article-title":"Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke","volume":"372","author":"Goyal","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503780","article-title":"Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke","volume":"372","author":"Jovin","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1415061","article-title":"Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs t-PA alone in stroke","volume":"372","author":"Saver","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-209563","article-title":"Thrombolysis for stroke in pregnancy at 39 weeks\u00a0gestation with a subsequent normal delivery","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000134","article-title":"Yes, intravenous thrombolysis should be administered in pregnancy when other clinical and imaging factors are favorable","volume":"44","author":"Demchuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000677","article-title":"The use of tissue plasminogen-activator in pregnancy: a taboo treatment or a time to think out of the box","volume":"44","author":"Selim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.658070","article-title":"Should intravenous thrombolysis be considered the first option in pregnant women?","volume":"44","author":"Broderick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1159\/000057859","article-title":"Fibrinolysis with alteplase in a pregnant woman with stroke","volume":"13","author":"Dapprich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000032492.77156.35","article-title":"Stroke in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in early pregnancy treated with intra-arterial rt-PA","volume":"59","author":"Elford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.53.212","article-title":"[Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy in a 14-week pregnant woman with embolic stroke due to protein S deficiency]","volume":"53","author":"Hori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000166203.27135.27","article-title":"Thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke in late pregnancy with intra-arterial recombinant tissue plasminogen activator","volume":"36","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-006-5709-z","article-title":"Thrombolytic therapy in pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Leonhardt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e31823d7af0","article-title":"Thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke secondary to paradoxical embolism in pregnancy: a case report and literature review","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib26","first-page":"632","article-title":"Successful thrombolysis of stroke with intravenous alteplase in the third trimester of pregnancy","volume":"261","author":"Mantoan Ritter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"issue":"66","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000201272.90216.15","article-title":"Thrombolytic therapy of acute ischemic stroke during pregnancy","volume":"2006","author":"Murugappan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448.e441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2012.05.040","article-title":"Systemic thrombolysis for stroke in pregnancy","volume":"31","author":"Tassi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000230286.95513.c2","article-title":"Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in a pregnant woman with cardioembolic stroke","volume":"37","author":"Wiese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.50.315","article-title":"[Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in an 18-week pregnant woman with embolic stroke]","volume":"50","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.783688","article-title":"Get With the Guidelines\u2013Stroke is associated with sustained improvement in care for patients hospitalized with acute stroke or transient ischemic attack","volume":"119","author":"Schwamm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib32","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics CfMaMS. ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting, 2011. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/icd\/icd9cm_guidelines_2011.pdf. Accessed: July 12,\u00a02015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512143332401","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke","volume":"333","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib34","first-page":"543","article-title":"Temporal trends in patient characteristics and treatment with intravenous thrombolysis among acute ischemic stroke patients at Get With The Guidelines-Stroke hospitals","volume":"6","author":"Schwamm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulatio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib35","series-title":"Child Health USA 2011","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2013","volume":"64","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22539","article-title":"Trends in stroke hospitalizations and associated risk factors among children and young adults, 1995-2008","volume":"70","author":"George","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827040d6","article-title":"Stroke in young adults: on the rise?","volume":"79","author":"Sultan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.480566","article-title":"Intravenous alteplase for stroke: beyond the guidelines and in particular clinical situations","volume":"38","author":"De Keyser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.12.2948","article-title":"Stroke and pregnancy","volume":"31","author":"Jaigobin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449.e441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.07.007","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and temporal trends in severe postpartum hemorrhage","volume":"209","author":"Kramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: preliminary data for 2014","volume":"64","author":"Hamilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.058","article-title":"Contemporary cesarean delivery practice in the United States","volume":"203","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12550","article-title":"Evaluation and management of postpartum hemorrhage: consensus from an international expert panel","volume":"54","author":"Abdul-Kadir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.540880","article-title":"Preeclampsia-eclampsia and the risk of stroke among peripartum in Taiwan","volume":"40","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937815025168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937815025168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:33:19Z","timestamp":1762079599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937815025168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937815025168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment patterns and short-term outcomes in ischemic stroke in pregnancy or postpartum period","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}