{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:09:14Z","timestamp":1790802554649,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G1100221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G1100221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T01:07:39Z","timestamp":1513904859000},"page":"S725-S737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Screening for fetal growth restriction using fetal biometry combined with maternal biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Gaccioli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irving L.M.H.","family":"Aye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0799-1105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulla","family":"Sovio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Stephen","family":"Charnock-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2124-0997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon C.S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib1","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischemic heart disease in England and Wales","volume":"1","author":"Barker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib2","first-page":"595","article-title":"Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis","volume":"35","author":"Hales","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib3","first-page":"17","article-title":"Growth in infancy and bone mass in later life","volume":"56","author":"Cooper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib4","first-page":"226","article-title":"Risk factors associated with small-for-dates and large-for-dates infants","volume":"92","author":"Ounsted","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib5","first-page":"2060","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis","volume":"5","author":"Smyth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib6","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Fetal growth restriction. Practice bulletin no. 134","volume":"121","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib7","first-page":"93","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Desai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib8","first-page":"161","article-title":"Non-placental causes of intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"32","author":"Hendrix","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib9","first-page":"117","article-title":"Placental pathology in early-onset and late-onset fetal growth restriction","volume":"36","author":"Mifsud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib10","article-title":"Routine ultrasound in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks\u2019 gestation)","volume":"6","author":"Bricker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib11","first-page":"518","article-title":"Poor effectiveness of antenatal detection of fetal growth restriction and consequences for obstetric management and neonatal outcomes: a French national study","volume":"122","author":"Monier","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib12","first-page":"e241","article-title":"Ultrasound in pregnancy. Practice bulletin no. 175","volume":"128","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib13","first-page":"333","article-title":"Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements\u2013a prospective study","volume":"151","author":"Hadlock","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib14","first-page":"129","article-title":"In utero analysis of fetal growth: a sonographic weight standard","volume":"181","author":"Hadlock","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib15","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Intrauterine growth retardation: let\u2019s be clear about it","volume":"96","author":"Altman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib16","first-page":"2089","article-title":"Screening for fetal growth restriction with universal third trimester ultrasonography in nulliparous women in the Pregnancy Outcome Prediction (POP) study: a prospective cohort study","volume":"386","author":"Sovio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib17","first-page":"2","article-title":"Early onset fetal growth restriction","volume":"3","author":"Dall\u2019Asta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib18","first-page":"288","article-title":"Doppler in obstetrics: beyond the umbilical artery","volume":"55","author":"Kalache","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib19","first-page":"429","article-title":"Fetal Medicine Foundation Second Trimester Screening Group. An integrated model for the prediction of preeclampsia using maternal factors and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in unselected low-risk women","volume":"193","author":"Yu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib20","first-page":"144","article-title":"Fetal Medicine Foundation Second Trimester Screening Group. Maternal uterine artery Doppler flow velocimetry and the risk of stillbirth","volume":"109","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib21","first-page":"559","article-title":"Reverse end-diastolic flow velocity on umbilical artery velocimetry in high-risk pregnancies: an ominous finding with adverse pregnancy outcome","volume":"159","author":"Brar","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib22","first-page":"333","article-title":"Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure","volume":"48","author":"Gordijn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib23","article-title":"Prognostic accuracy of cerebroplacental ratio and middle cerebral artery Doppler for adverse perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Schreurs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib24","first-page":"561","article-title":"First-trimester determination of complications of late pregnancy","volume":"303","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib25","first-page":"1480","article-title":"Free \u03b2-hCG as first-trimester marker for fetal trisomy","volume":"339","author":"Spencer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib26","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein A is a critical growth regulatory factor during fetal development","volume":"131","author":"Conover","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib27","first-page":"1762","article-title":"Early pregnancy levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein a and the risk of intrauterine growth restriction, premature birth, preeclampsia, and stillbirth","volume":"87","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib28","first-page":"839","article-title":"Association between first-trimester maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and obstetric complications","volume":"33","author":"D'Antonio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib29","first-page":"231","article-title":"Maternal hemodynamics at 11-13 weeks of gestation in pregnancies delivering small for gestational age neonates","volume":"32","author":"Khalil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib30","first-page":"1265","article-title":"First trimester maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy associated plasma protein A as predictors of pregnancy complications","volume":"107","author":"Ong","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib31","first-page":"148","article-title":"Prediction of small-for-gestation neonates from biophysical and biochemical markers at 11-13 weeks","volume":"29","author":"Karagiannis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib32","first-page":"1446","article-title":"First-trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and nuchal translucency are associated with obstetric complications: a population-based screening study (the FASTER Trial)","volume":"191","author":"Dugoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib33","first-page":"1452","article-title":"Association of extreme first-trimester free human chorionic gonadotropin-beta, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, and nuchal translucency with intrauterine growth restriction and other adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"191","author":"Krantz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib34","first-page":"2249","article-title":"First-trimester placentation and the risk of antepartum stillbirth","volume":"292","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib35","series-title":"Saving Babies\u2019 Lives. A care bundle for reducing stillbirth","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib36","unstructured":"Small-for-gestational-age fetus, investigation and management green-top guideline no. 31. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib37","first-page":"190","article-title":"Cytological localization of chorionic gonadotropin alpha and placental lactogen mRNAs during development of the human placenta","volume":"93","author":"Hoshina","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib38","first-page":"649","article-title":"Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia","volume":"111","author":"Maynard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib39","first-page":"642","article-title":"Soluble endoglin contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia","volume":"12","author":"Venkatesha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib40","first-page":"1316","article-title":"Circulating angiogenic factors in early pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, spontaneous preterm birth, and stillbirth","volume":"109","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib41","first-page":"9","volume":"21","author":"Romero","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib42","first-page":"1302","article-title":"Early pregnancy maternal and fetal angiogenic factors and fetal and childhood growth: the Generation R Study","volume":"30","author":"Bergen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib43","first-page":"77","article-title":"Levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase one in first trimester and outcomes of pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Jacobs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib44","first-page":"357","article-title":"Changes in uterine artery Doppler velocimetry and circulating angiogenic factors in the first half of pregnancies delivering a small-for-gestational-age neonate","volume":"49","author":"Triunfo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib45","first-page":"630","article-title":"Angiogenic factors in maternal circulation and the risk of severe fetal growth restriction","volume":"173","author":"Asvold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib46","first-page":"735","article-title":"First trimester screening of maternal placental protein 13 for predicting preeclampsia and small for gestational age: in-house study and systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Schneuer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib47","first-page":"543","article-title":"Relationship between first-trimester serum placental protein-13 and maternal characteristics, placental Doppler studies and pregnancy outcome","volume":"44","author":"Seravalli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib48","first-page":"121","article-title":"First-trimester maternal placental protein 13 levels in pregnancies resulting in adverse outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Cowans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib49","first-page":"358","article-title":"First trimester maternal serum analytes and second trimester uterine artery Doppler in the prediction of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction","volume":"56","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib50","first-page":"264","article-title":"First-trimester ADAM12 and PAPP-A as markers for intrauterine fetal growth restriction through their roles in the insulin-like growth factor system","volume":"27","author":"Cowans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib51","article-title":"Researching new methods of screening for adverse pregnancy outcome: lessons from pre-eclampsia","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib52","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Dimeric inhibin A as a marker for Down\u2019s syndrome in early pregnancy","volume":"334","author":"Aitken","year":"1996","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib53","first-page":"341","article-title":"Prediction of small-for-gestational-age neonates: screening by maternal serum biochemical markers at 19-24 weeks","volume":"46","author":"Lesmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib54","first-page":"363","article-title":"Evaluating the thresholds of abnormal second trimester multiple marker screening tests associated with intra-uterine growth restriction","volume":"23","author":"Odibo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib55","first-page":"705","article-title":"Maternal and biochemical predictors of antepartum stillbirth among nulliparous women in relation to gestational age of fetal death","volume":"114","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib56","first-page":"161","article-title":"Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and alpha-fetoprotein and prediction of adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"107","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib57","first-page":"274","article-title":"Placental size and the prediction of severe early-onset intrauterine growth restriction in women with low pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A","volume":"34","author":"Proctor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib58","first-page":"260","article-title":"Quad screen as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome","volume":"106","author":"Dugoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib59","first-page":"217","article-title":"Elevated second-trimester maternal serum hCG alone or in combination with elevated alpha-fetoprotein","volume":"87","author":"Benn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib60","first-page":"968","article-title":"Second-trimester maternal serum marker screening: maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, estriol, and their various combinations as predictors of pregnancy outcome","volume":"181","author":"Yaron","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib61","article-title":"Prediction of small for gestational age infants in healthy nulliparous women using clinical and ultrasound risk factors combined with early pregnancy biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"McCowan","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib62","first-page":"194","article-title":"Biophysical and biochemical markers at 30-34 weeks\u2019 gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"47","author":"Valino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib63","first-page":"203","article-title":"Biophysical and biochemical markers at 35-37 weeks\u2019 gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"47","author":"Valino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib64","first-page":"682.e1","article-title":"The prediction of fetal death with a simple maternal blood test at 24-28 weeks: a role for angiogenic index-1 (PlGF\/sVEGFR-1 ratio)","volume":"217","author":"Chaiworapongsa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib65","first-page":"279","article-title":"The change in concentrations of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in maternal plasma between the first and second trimesters in risk assessment for the subsequent development of preeclampsia and small-for-gestational age","volume":"21","author":"Erez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib66","first-page":"50","article-title":"Prediction of fetal growth based on maternal serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen and estriol","volume":"165","author":"Markestad","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib67","first-page":"20","article-title":"Comparison of somatomedin-C (SMC\/IGF-I), human placental lactogen and Doppler velocimetry between appropriate and small-for-gestational-age pregnancies","volume":"25","author":"Stefanidis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib68","first-page":"41","article-title":"First- and second-trimester tests to predict stillbirth in unselected pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib69","first-page":"681","article-title":"Novel biomarkers for predicting intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib70","first-page":"182","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of placental growth factor and ultrasound parameters to predict the small-for-gestational-age infant in women presenting with reduced symphysis-fundus height","volume":"46","author":"Griffin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib71","first-page":"51","article-title":"Study protocol. A prospective cohort study of unselected primiparous women: the Pregnancy Outcome Prediction study","volume":"8","author":"Pasupathy","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib72","first-page":"S17","article-title":"The Pregnancy Outcome Prediction (POP) study: investigating the relationship between serial prenatal ultrasonography, biomarkers, placental phenotype and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"59","author":"Gaccioli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib73","first-page":"S104","article-title":"Screening for late fetal growth restriction using ultrasound and the sFlt-1:PlGF ratio","volume":"216","author":"Sovio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib74","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Fetus-derived DLK1 is required for maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and is associated with fetal growth restriction","volume":"48","author":"Cleaton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib75","first-page":"338","article-title":"The adipokine preadipocyte factor-1 is downregulated in preeclampsia and expressed in placenta","volume":"75","author":"Schrey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib76","first-page":"350.e1","article-title":"The placental imprinted DLK1-DIO3 domain: a new link to prenatal and postnatal growth in humans","volume":"217","author":"Prats-Puig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib77","first-page":"318","article-title":"Correcting for optimistic prediction in small data sets","volume":"180","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib78","first-page":"1925","article-title":"Towards better clinical prediction models: seven steps for development and an ABCD for validation","volume":"35","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib79","first-page":"h3868","article-title":"How to develop a more accurate risk prediction model when there are few events","volume":"351","author":"Pavlou","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib80","first-page":"c7401","article-title":"Non-invasive prenatal assessment of trisomy 21 by multiplexed maternal plasma DNA sequencing: large scale validity study","volume":"342","author":"Chiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib81","first-page":"799","article-title":"DNA sequencing versus standard prenatal aneuploidy screening","volume":"370","author":"Bianchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib82","first-page":"1118","article-title":"Increased free fetal DNA levels in early pregnancy plasma of women who subsequently develop preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"29","author":"Illanes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib83","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cell-free fetal DNA and adverse outcome in low risk pregnancies","volume":"166","author":"Stein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib84","first-page":"215","article-title":"Maternal plasma cell-free fetal and maternal DNA at 11-13 weeks\u2019 gestation: relation to fetal and maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"33","author":"Poon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib85","article-title":"Differentially expressed genes in the pre-eclamptic placenta: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Kleinrouweler","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib86","article-title":"Comparison of normal and pre-eclamptic placental gene expression: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Brew","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib87","article-title":"Systematic review of micro-RNA expression in pre-eclampsia identifies a number of common pathways associated with the disease","volume":"11","author":"Sheikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib88","first-page":"521.e1","article-title":"Identifying late-onset fetal growth restriction by measuring circulating placental RNA in the maternal blood at 28 weeks\u2019 gestation","volume":"214","author":"Whitehead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib89","first-page":"133.e1","article-title":"Quantifying mRNA coding growth genes in the maternal circulation to detect fetal growth restriction","volume":"209","author":"Whitehead","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib90","first-page":"44","article-title":"Proteoform profiling of peripheral blood serum proteins from pregnant women provides a molecular IUGR signature","volume":"149","author":"Wolter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib91","series-title":"Evolution of translational omics: lessons learned and the path forward","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib92","first-page":"1715","article-title":"Stillbirth","volume":"370","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib93","first-page":"274","article-title":"Birth weight percentile and the risk of term perinatal death","volume":"124","author":"Moraitis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib94","first-page":"691","article-title":"Stillbirths: recall to action in high-income countries","volume":"387","author":"Flenady","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib95","first-page":"23","article-title":"STRIDER: sildenafil therapy in dismal prognosis early-onset intrauterine growth restriction\u2013a protocol for a systematic review with individual participant data and aggregate data meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis","volume":"3","author":"Ganzevoort","year":"2014","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib96","first-page":"415","article-title":"Placenta-directed gene therapy for fetal growth restriction","volume":"22","author":"Krishnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib97","first-page":"778","article-title":"Decreased first trimester PAPP-A is a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome","volume":"22","author":"Yaron","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib98","first-page":"1226","article-title":"Low maternal PAPP-A is associated with small-for-gestational age newborns and stillbirths","volume":"89","author":"Marttala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib99","first-page":"1354","article-title":"Association between second-trimester isolated high maternal serum maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels and obstetric complications in singleton and twin pregnancies","volume":"188","author":"Lepage","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib100","first-page":"709","article-title":"Outcome of pregnancy in patients with unexplained elevated or low levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein","volume":"72","author":"Burton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib101","first-page":"6","article-title":"Second-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and the risk of subsequent fetal death","volume":"325","author":"Waller","year":"1991","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib102","first-page":"779","article-title":"Study of the relationship between elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and adverse pregnancy outcome","volume":"40","author":"Roop","year":"1991","journal-title":"Md Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib103","first-page":"2621","article-title":"Correlation between elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, certain pregnancy complications and fetal death","volume":"133","author":"Pejtsik","year":"1992","journal-title":"Orv Hetil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib104","first-page":"138","article-title":"Unexplained elevation in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and subsequent fetal loss","volume":"83","author":"Maher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib105","first-page":"277","article-title":"Second-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and risk of adverse pregnancy outcome","volume":"97","author":"Krause","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib106","first-page":"214","article-title":"Second-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein elevation and its association with adverse maternal\/fetal outcome: ten years experience","volume":"78","author":"Anfuso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib107","first-page":"12","article-title":"Second trimester total human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein and unconjugated estriol in predicting pregnancy complications other than fetal aneuploidy","volume":"110","author":"Duric","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib108","first-page":"38","article-title":"Prediction of miscarriage and stillbirth at 11-13 weeks and the contribution of chorionic villus sampling","volume":"31","author":"Akolekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib109","first-page":"290.e1","article-title":"Prediction of patient-specific risk for fetal loss using maternal characteristics and first- and second-trimester maternal serum Down syndrome markers","volume":"199","author":"Dugoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib110","first-page":"600","article-title":"Plasma placenta growth factor levels in midtrimester pregnancies","volume":"98","author":"Tjoa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib111","first-page":"37","article-title":"Second- and third-trimester serum levels of placental proteins in preeclampsia and small-for-gestational age pregnancies","volume":"83","author":"Bersinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib112","first-page":"101","article-title":"Prospective analysis of placenta growth factor (PlGF) concentrations in the plasma of women with normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia","volume":"23","author":"Krauss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib113","first-page":"770","article-title":"First trimester placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and risk for preeclampsia","volume":"89","author":"Thadhani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib114","first-page":"326.e1","article-title":"Identification of patients at risk for early onset and\/or severe preeclampsia with the use of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry and placental growth factor","volume":"196","author":"Espinoza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib115","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) in small for gestational age pregnancy at 11(+0) to 13(+6) weeks of gestation","volume":"28","author":"Poon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib116","first-page":"955","article-title":"First trimester screening for intra-uterine growth restriction and early-onset pre-eclampsia","volume":"31","author":"Vandenberghe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib117","first-page":"163.e1","article-title":"Can placental growth factor in maternal circulation identify fetuses with placental intrauterine growth restriction?","volume":"206","author":"Benton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib118","unstructured":"Boucoiran I, Thissier-Levy S, Wu Y, et\u00a0al. Risk for preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: effective value of PlGF, Sflt-1 and inhibin A in singleton and multiple pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;206:S336-7."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib119","first-page":"818","article-title":"Predictive value of maternal angiogenic factors in second trimester pregnancies with abnormal uterine perfusion","volume":"49","author":"Stepan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib120","first-page":"146","article-title":"Angiogenic factors for the prediction of pre-eclampsia in women with abnormal midtrimester uterine artery Doppler velocimetry","volume":"102","author":"Diab","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib121","first-page":"77","article-title":"Serum levels of macrophage colony stimulating, vascular endothelial, and placenta growth factor in relation to later clinical onset of pre-eclampsia and a small-for-gestational age birth","volume":"54","author":"Bersinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib122","first-page":"1427","article-title":"Reduced maternal serum concentrations of angiopoietin-2 in the first trimester precede intrauterine growth restriction associated with placental insufficiency","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib123","first-page":"1131","article-title":"First trimester maternal serum PAPP-A, beta-hCG and ADAM12 in prediction of small-for-gestational-age fetuses","volume":"28","author":"Pihl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib124","first-page":"1082","article-title":"First-trimester maternal serum a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) and adverse pregnancy outcome","volume":"112","author":"Poon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib125","first-page":"333","article-title":"Early prediction of uteroplacental complications of pregnancy using Doppler ultrasound, placental function tests and combination testing","volume":"2","author":"Bewley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib126","first-page":"35.e1","article-title":"First-trimester placental protein 13 screening for preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"197","author":"Chafetz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib127","article-title":"PP13, maternal ABO blood groups and the risk assessment of pregnancy complications","volume":"6","author":"Than","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib128","first-page":"291","article-title":"Low leptin concentration in the first gestational trimester is associated with being born small for gestational age: prospective study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"97","author":"Franco-Sena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib129","first-page":"253","article-title":"The predictive value of plasma fibronectin concentration on fetal growth retardation at earlier stage of the third trimester","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Tongji Med Univ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib130","first-page":"155","article-title":"Plasma homocysteine in early and late pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia and isolated intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"83","author":"D'Anna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib131","first-page":"326","article-title":"Effect of homocysteine concentration in early pregnancy on gestational hypertensive disorders and other pregnancy outcomes","volume":"54","author":"Dodds","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib132","first-page":"1418","article-title":"Predictive value of routine circulating soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecule measurements during pregnancy","volume":"48","author":"Krauss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002_bib133","first-page":"415.e1","article-title":"Association between maternal serum cytokine profiles at 7-10 weeks\u2019 gestation and birthweight in small for gestational age infants","volume":"204","author":"Georgiou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937817324766?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937817324766?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:21:43Z","timestamp":1757589703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937817324766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937817324766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Screening for fetal growth restriction using fetal biometry combined with maternal biomarkers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}