{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T07:48:23Z","timestamp":1770277703400,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12HD085852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12HD085852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24HD087436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24HD087436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"Office of Research on Women's Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T12:21:21Z","timestamp":1517487681000},"page":"508.e1-508.e9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cost-effectiveness of emergency contraception options over 1 year"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Brandon K.","family":"Bellows","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1203-1782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casey R.","family":"Tak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica N.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Turok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor B.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1506575","article-title":"Declines in unintended pregnancy in the United States, 2008-2011","volume":"374","author":"Finer","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.08.016","article-title":"The copper IUD for emergency contraception, a neglected option","volume":"85","author":"Belden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.11.009","article-title":"The cost of unintended pregnancy in the United States","volume":"75","author":"Trussell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.02.009","article-title":"Can we identify women at risk of pregnancy despite using emergency contraception? Data from randomized trials of ulipristal acetate and levonorgestrel","volume":"84","author":"Glasier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1783\/147118910793048656","article-title":"Is it worth paying more for emergency hormonal contraception? The cost-effectiveness of ulipristal acetate versus levonorgestrel 1.5 mg","volume":"36","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Fam Plann Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des140","article-title":"The efficacy of intrauterine devices for emergency contraception: a systematic review of 35 years of experience","volume":"27","author":"Cleland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110855","article-title":"Effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraception","volume":"366","author":"Winner","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.01.009","article-title":"Preference for and efficacy of oral levonorgestrel for emergency contraception with concomitant placement of a levonorgestrel IUD: a prospective cohort study","volume":"93","author":"Turok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2013.11.010","article-title":"Emergency contraception with a Copper IUD or oral levonorgestrel: an observational study of 1-year pregnancy rates","volume":"89","author":"Turok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31821188ad","article-title":"Continuation and satisfaction of reversible contraception","volume":"117","author":"Peipert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a024479","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of family planning service provision","volume":"18","author":"Hughes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Public Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181d0c328","article-title":"Trends in the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy in the United States","volume":"115","author":"Hoover","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib14","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2014: with special feature on adults aged 55-64. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001324.pub2","article-title":"Interventions for emergency contraception","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02652.x","article-title":"Copper T380A intrauterine device for emergency contraception: a prospective, multicenter, cohort clinical trial","volume":"117","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib17","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, CPT Code Book and Medicare Outpatient Prospective Payment System. 2016; https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/apps\/physician-fee-schedule\/overview.aspx. Accessed February 19, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib18","unstructured":"Truven Health Analytics: Micromedex Solutions. RED BOOK Online Search. 2016; http:\/\/www.micromedexsolutions.com\/micromedex2\/librarian\/. Accessed February 19, 2016, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2013.08.009","article-title":"Psychological distress and post-abortion contraceptive method effectiveness level chosen at an urban clinic","volume":"88","author":"Steinberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2013.10.005","article-title":"Variation in postpartum contraceptive method use: results from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)","volume":"89","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2013.10.019","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) 13.5 mg in contraception","volume":"89","author":"Trussell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib22","series-title":"Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine","author":"Neumann","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2017.05.012","article-title":"One-year continuation of copper or levonorgestrel intrauterine devices initiated at the time of emergency contraception","volume":"96","author":"Sanders","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.01.011","article-title":"Comparative contraceptive effectiveness of levonorgestrel-releasing and copper intrauterine devices: the European Active Surveillance Study for Intrauterine Devices","volume":"91","author":"Heinemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.08.003","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of contraceptives in the United States","volume":"79","author":"Trussell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318173fd83","article-title":"Challenges in translating evidence to practice: the provision of intrauterine contraception","volume":"111","author":"Harper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1363\/4309411","article-title":"The\u00a0public costs of births resulting from unintended pregnancies: national and state-level estimates","volume":"43","author":"Sonfield","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.01.162","article-title":"Risk of unintended pregnancy based on intended compared to actual contraceptive use","volume":"215","author":"Reeves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.09.013","article-title":"Estimates of contraceptive failure from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth","volume":"77","author":"Kost","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181dd22ef","article-title":"Ectopic pregnancy and emergency contraceptive pills: a systematic review","volume":"115","author":"Cleland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6257.15","article-title":"Incidence, trends, and risks of ectopic pregnancy in a population of women","volume":"282","author":"Westrom","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13228.x","article-title":"Length of use and symptoms associated with premature removal of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: a nation-wide study of 17,360 users","volume":"107","author":"Backman","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.07.021","article-title":"Pregnancy during the use of levonorgestrel intrauterine system","volume":"190","author":"Backman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib34","first-page":"881","article-title":"Ectopic pregnancy risk when contraception fails. A review","volume":"47","author":"Furlong","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301416","article-title":"Shifts in intended and unintended pregnancies in the United States, 2001-2008","volume":"104","author":"Finer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib36","series-title":"Public costs from unintended pregnancies and the role of public insurance programs in paying for pregnancy-related care: national and state estimates for 2010","author":"Sonfield","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1363\/4304111","article-title":"Abortion incidence and access to services in the United States, 2008","volume":"43","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/ss6410a1","article-title":"Abortion surveillance\u2013United States, 2012","volume":"64","author":"Pazol","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937818300747?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937818300747?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:18:41Z","timestamp":1757589521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937818300747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937818300747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cost-effectiveness of emergency contraception options over 1 year","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}