{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:12:46Z","timestamp":1788315166519,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"GE Medical"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,29]],"date-time":"2018-07-29T02:11:37Z","timestamp":1532830297000},"page":"379.e1-379.e8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Atraumatic normal vaginal delivery: how many women get\u00a0what\u00a0they\u00a0want?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"219","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6554-4576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Caudwell-Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8447-004X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ixora","family":"Kamisan Atan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0647-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Guzman Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ka Lai","family":"Shek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2211-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans Peter","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)30081-0","article-title":"Obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): prevention, recognition, and repair","volume":"37","author":"Harvey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Canada"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gco.0000191901.69320.a0","article-title":"Short-term and long-term effects of obstetric anal sphincter injury and their management","volume":"17","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00799.x","article-title":"Occult anal sphincter injuries\u2014myth or reality?","volume":"113","author":"Andrews","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12481","article-title":"Prevalence of anal sphincter injury in\u00a0primiparous women","volume":"42","author":"Guzm\u00e1n Rojas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000178779.62181.01","article-title":"Levator trauma after vaginal delivery","volume":"106","author":"Dietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.11.038","article-title":"Can levator avulsion be predicted antenatally?","volume":"202","author":"Shek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib7","first-page":"S46","article-title":"It\u2019s the first vaginal birth that does most of the damage","volume":"26","author":"Kamisan Atan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-061008-124823","article-title":"On the biomechanics of vaginal birth and common sequelae","volume":"11","author":"Ashton-Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14856","article-title":"Perineal and vaginal tears are clinical markers for occult levator ani trauma: a retrospective observational study","volume":"47","author":"Shek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13103","article-title":"Intrapartum predictors of maternal levator ani injury","volume":"96","author":"Caudwell-Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01315.x","article-title":"Avulsion injury and levator hiatal ballooning: two independent risk factors for prolapse? An observational study","volume":"91","author":"Dietz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.07.046","article-title":"Levator defects are associated with prolapse after pelvic floor surgery","volume":"153","author":"Model","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12171","article-title":"The use of 3-dimensional ultrasound of the pelvic floor to predict recurrence risk after pelvic reconstructive surgery","volume":"54","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13315","article-title":"Can pelvic floor trauma be predicted antenatally?","volume":"97","author":"Caudwell-Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.08.018","article-title":"Pelvic floor ultrasound: a review","volume":"202","author":"Dietz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11141","article-title":"Clinical consequences of levator trauma","volume":"39","author":"Dietz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.11.023","article-title":"OASI: a preventable injury?","volume":"185","author":"Kapaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib18","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Care in normal birth. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/maternal_perinatal_health\/MSM_96_24_\/en\/#.WVSFoPSl_H0.mendeley. Accessed June 29,\u00a02017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib19","unstructured":"Making normal birth a reality: consensus statement from the Maternity Care Working Party. Available at: http:\/\/bhpelopartonormal.pbh.gov.br\/estudos_cientificos\/arquivos\/normal_birth_consensus.pdf. Accessed August 21, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2011.07.027","article-title":"Towards normal birth in NSW","volume":"24","author":"Kinnear","year":"2011","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01393.x","article-title":"Few women wish to be delivered by cesarean section","volume":"109","author":"Hildingsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-008-0680-1","article-title":"Preferences and concerns for delivery: an antepartum survey","volume":"19","author":"Bracken","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01892.x","article-title":"Vaginal delivery compared with elective cesarean section: the views of pregnant women and clinicians","volume":"115","author":"Turner","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1072","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor. Part II: three-dimensional or volume imaging","volume":"23","author":"Dietz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Levator avulsion is associated with prolapse 3-6 months after a first vaginal delivery","volume":"26","author":"Caudwell-Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1899","article-title":"Biometry of the\u00a0pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus\u00a0by three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound","volume":"25","author":"Dietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13368","article-title":"Residual defects of the external anal sphincter following primary repair: an observational study using transperineal ultrasound","volume":"44","author":"Shek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14845","article-title":"Anal sphincter trauma and\u00a0anal incontinence in urogynecological patients","volume":"46","author":"Guzm\u00e1n Rojas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13924","article-title":"Does the Epi-No \u00ae birth trainer prevent vaginal birth-related pelvic floor trauma? A multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Kamisan Atan","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib30","first-page":"1054","article-title":"The relationship between\u00a0maternal age at first delivery and pelvic floor trauma","volume":"33","author":"Rahmanou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02321.x","article-title":"How much does the levator hiatus have to stretch during childbirth?","volume":"116","author":"Svab\u00edk","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31819c82cc","article-title":"The prognosis for spontaneous labor in women with uncomplicated term pregnancies: implications for cesarean delivery on maternal request","volume":"113","author":"Worley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.08.010","article-title":"Risk factors and obstetric complications associated with macrosomia","volume":"87","author":"Stotland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.02.041","article-title":"Predicting obstetric anal sphincter injuries in a modern obstetric population","volume":"215","author":"Meister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2759-9","article-title":"The repeatability of sonographic measures of functional pelvic floor anatomy","volume":"26","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2005.00363.x","article-title":"Pelvic floor trauma in childbirth\u2013myth or reality?","volume":"45","author":"Dietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib37","unstructured":"NSW Ministry of Health. Mothers and babies 2015. Available at: http:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/hsnsw\/Publications\/mothers-and-babies-2015.pdf. Accessed Sept. 14,\u00a02017."},{"issue":"S53","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib38","article-title":"A\u00a0tale of two hospitals","volume":"35","author":"Kamisan Atan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib39","article-title":"Informed consent for vaginal delivery is it time to revisit the shared decision-making process?","volume":"61","author":"Malik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12286","article-title":"Psychological and somatic sequelae of traumatic vaginal delivery: a literature review","volume":"55","author":"Skinner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937818306094?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937818306094?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:33:44Z","timestamp":1762079624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937818306094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937818306094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Atraumatic normal vaginal delivery: how many women get\u00a0what\u00a0they\u00a0want?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.07.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}