{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:15:57Z","timestamp":1790363757949,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T12:50:04Z","timestamp":1544100604000},"page":"348-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Threshold of metabolic acidosis associated with newborn cerebral palsy: medical legal implications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"220","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-404X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.05.037","article-title":"Trends in malpractice claims for obstetric and gynecologic procedures, 2005 through 2014","volume":"217","author":"Glaser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 liability in obstetric and gynecology practice","volume":"24","author":"Mavroforou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1012370","article-title":"Malpractice risk according to physician specialty","volume":"365","author":"Jena","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2013.03.003","article-title":"Life care planning for the child with cerebral palsy","volume":"24","author":"Katz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib5","first-page":"245","article-title":"Home-based versus center-based care in children with cerebral palsy: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"8","author":"Sharif Azar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2012.10.004","article-title":"The effect of malpractice claims on the use of caesarean section","volume":"27","author":"Schifrin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.056","article-title":"Malpractice and obstetric practice: the correlation of malpractice premiums to rates of vaginal and cesarean delivery","volume":"214","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.13.1688","article-title":"Who will deliver our grandchildren? Implications of cerebral palsy litigation","volume":"294","author":"Maclennan","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814543306","article-title":"Cerebral palsy litigation: change course or abandon ship","volume":"30","author":"Sartwelle","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.07.020","article-title":"Why the term neonatal encephalopathy should be preferred over neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"208","author":"Leviton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.06.053","article-title":"Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring and the identification of metabolic acidosis and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"197","author":"Larma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000225969.08432.75","article-title":"Characteristics of physicians who frequently act as expert witnesses in neurologic birth injury litigation","volume":"108","author":"Kesselheim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000191","article-title":"The dangers of junk science in obstetrics and gynecology: lessons from the power morcellation controversy","volume":"27","author":"Olive","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181aef106","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 106: Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring: nomenclature, interpretation, and general management principles","volume":"114","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.026","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective cohort study of fetal heart rate monitoring: deceleration area is predictive of fetal acidemia","volume":"218","author":"Cahill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.10.009","article-title":"The limits of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in the prevention of neonatal metabolic acidemia","volume":"216","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.04.030","article-title":"Intrapartum management of category II fetal heart rate tracings: towards standardization of care","volume":"209","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.228","article-title":"Impact of recommended changes in labor management for prevention of the primary cesarean delivery","volume":"218","author":"Thuillier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.1.41","article-title":"Compensation for birth-related injury: no-fault programs compared with tort system","volume":"153","author":"Whetten-Goldstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/016327879501800203","article-title":"No-fault medical liability in Virginia and Florida: a preliminary evaluation","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eval Health Prof"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000445580.65983.d2","article-title":"Executive summary: Neonatal encephalopathy and neurologic outcome, second edition. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Task Force on Neonatal Encephalopathy","volume":"123","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70080-2","article-title":"Threshold of metabolic acidosis associated with newborn complications","volume":"177","author":"Low","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09635.x","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical analysis of 500 medico-legal claims evaluating the causes and assessing the potential benefit of alternative dispute resolution","volume":"103","author":"B-Lynch","year":"1996","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2007.03.011","article-title":"Medical negligence lawsuits relating to labor and delivery","volume":"34","author":"Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14147","article-title":"The panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden part XII shows that patterns changed in the birth years 2007-2010","volume":"107","author":"Himmelmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12068","article-title":"Causal pathways in cerebral palsy","volume":"49","author":"Badawi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80161-6","article-title":"Intrapartum asphyxia: a rare cause of cerebral palsy","volume":"112","author":"Blair","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12016","article-title":"The association of cerebral palsy with birth asphyxia: a definitional quagmire","volume":"55","author":"Ellenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01819.x","article-title":"The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. X. Prevalence and origin in the birth-year period 1999-2002","volume":"99","author":"Himmelmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.05.029","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of membranes at 22-25 weeks\u2019 gestation: perinatal and 2-year outcomes within a national population-based study (EPIPAGE-2)","volume":"219","author":"Lorthe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30173-1","article-title":"Perinatal stroke: mechanisms, management, and outcomes of early cerebrovascular brain injury","volume":"2","author":"Dunbar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2010.12.002","article-title":"Obstetric malpractice litigation and cerebral palsy in term infants","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.10.004","article-title":"The presence of outcome bias in emergency physician retrospective judgments of the quality of care","volume":"57","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.175.3.1750597","article-title":"Hindsight bias","volume":"175","author":"Berlin","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.66.2.252","article-title":"Hindsight bias among physicians weighing the likelihood of diagnoses","volume":"66","author":"Arkes","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04407.x","article-title":"Hindsight bias in medicolegal expert reports","volume":"176","author":"Hugh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.02.005","article-title":"Cardiotocography and medicolegal issues","volume":"18","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.066","article-title":"Intra- and interobserver agreement among obstetric experts in court regarding the review of abnormal fetal heart rate tracings and obstetrical management","volume":"213","author":"Sabiani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06510732","article-title":"Effects of syringe material, sample storage time, and temperature on blood gases and oxygen saturation in arterialized human blood samples","volume":"51","author":"Knowles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(95)01640-O","article-title":"Umbilical cord blood gas analysis; a comparison of two simple methods of sample storage","volume":"42","author":"Owen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1991.19.3.221","article-title":"How to assess fetal metabolic acidosis from cord samples","volume":"19","author":"Rosen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517109080214","article-title":"An acid-base chart\u00a0for arterial blood with normal and pathophysiological reference areas","volume":"27","author":"Siggaard-Andersen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1711860","article-title":"Diagnostic use of base excess in acid-base disorders","volume":"378","author":"Berend","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90016-Z","article-title":"The relationship between the umbilical artery systolic\/diastolic ratio and umbilical blood gas measurements in specimens obtained by cordocentesis","volume":"162","author":"Weiner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib45","first-page":"81","article-title":"Respiratory gases and acid base parameter of the fetus during the second and third trimester","volume":"18","author":"Lazarevic","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib46","first-page":"565","article-title":"Low fetal oxygen saturation at birth and acidosis","volume":"95","author":"Arikan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123204","article-title":"Use of umbilical artery base excess: algorithm for the timing of hypoxic injury","volume":"187","author":"Ross","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.10.883","article-title":"Correlation of arterial fetal base deficit and lactate changes with severity of variable heart rate decelerations in the near-term ovine fetus","volume":"208","author":"Ross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(77)90519-1","article-title":"Intrapartum fetal asphyxia: clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and significance in relation to pattern of development","volume":"129","author":"Low","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90032-E","article-title":"Uterine rupture after previous cesarean delivery: maternal and fetal consequences","volume":"169","author":"Leung","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib51","first-page":"637","article-title":"Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern","volume":"55","author":"Sibai","year":"1980","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.12891\/ceog17322014","article-title":"Prolonged saltatory fetal heart rate pattern leading to newborn metabolic acidosis","volume":"41","author":"Nunes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2014.958144","article-title":"Interobserver reliability to interpret intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring: does a standardized algorithm improve agreement among clinicians?","volume":"35","author":"Uccella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03511.x","article-title":"Prediction of fetal base excess values at birth using an algorithm to interpret fetal heart rate tracings: a retrospective validation","volume":"119","author":"Uccella","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F567","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-314034","article-title":"Dose-dependent relationship between acidosis at birth and likelihood of death or cerebral palsy","volume":"103","author":"Kelly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.2.240","article-title":"Intrapartum asphyxia and cerebral palsy","volume":"82","author":"Freeman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib57","first-page":"343","article-title":"Early predictors of adverse outcome in term infants with post-asphyxial hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy","volume":"89","author":"Toh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70349-X","article-title":"Prospective validation of a scoring system for predicting neonatal morbidity after acute perinatal asphyxia","volume":"132","author":"Carter","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211259","article-title":"Combination of early perinatal factors to identify near-term and term neonates for neuroprotection","volume":"25","author":"Talati","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70676-9","article-title":"Newborn assessment and long-term adverse outcome: a systematic review","volume":"180","author":"Van De Riet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70316-9","article-title":"Association between umbilical blood gas parameters and neonatal morbidity and death in neonates with pathologic fetal acidemia","volume":"181","author":"Andres","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)91014-4","article-title":"Severe acidosis and subsequent neurologic status","volume":"162","author":"Fee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(85)90117-3","article-title":"The relation between umbilical pH values and neonatal neurological morbidity in full term appropriate-for-dates infants","volume":"11","author":"Dijxhoorn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c1471","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1471","article-title":"Strength of association between umbilical cord pH and perinatal and long term outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"340","author":"Malin","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70101-6","article-title":"Newborn complications after intrapartum asphyxia with metabolic acidosis in the term fetus","volume":"170","author":"Low","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(83)90019-5","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic cerebral necrosis in midgestational sheep fetuses: physiopathologic correlations","volume":"80","author":"Ting","year":"1983","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.16.6.1016","article-title":"Brain injury from marked hypoxia in cats: role of hypotension and hyperglycemia","volume":"16","author":"De Courten-Myers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1986.75","article-title":"Brain metabolic correlates of hypoxic-ischemic cerebral necrosis in mid-gestational sheep fetuses: significance of hypotension","volume":"6","author":"Wagner","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib69","first-page":"S143","article-title":"Hypoxic brain and heart injury thresholds in piglets","volume":"48","author":"De Courten-Myers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biomed Biochim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.11.4.389","article-title":"Hemodynamic response to profound hypoxia in intact rhesus monkeys","volume":"11","author":"Myers","year":"1980","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)80004-X","article-title":"Fetal heart rate changes do not reflect cardiovascular deterioration during brief repeated umbilical cord occlusions in near-term fetal lambs","volume":"176","author":"De Haan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcps050929","article-title":"Whole-body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"353","author":"Shankaran","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112066","article-title":"Childhood outcomes after hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"366","author":"Shankaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70292-5","article-title":"Prenatal and perinatal factors and cerebral palsy in very low birth weight infants","volume":"128","author":"Grether","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.1.26","article-title":"Intrauterine exposure to infection and risk of cerebral palsy in very preterm infants","volume":"157","author":"Grether","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000056802.22454.AB","article-title":"Neonatal cytokines and cerebral palsy in very preterm infants","volume":"53","author":"Nelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"suppl 20","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.00063.x","article-title":"Intrauterine infection and the development of cerebral palsy","volume":"110","author":"Yoon","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib78","article-title":"Cranial ultrasound findings in preterm infants predict the development of cerebral palsy","volume":"64","author":"Skovgaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.11.006","article-title":"Neonatal Infection in children with cerebral palsy: a registry-based cohort study","volume":"80","author":"Smilga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.226","article-title":"Outcome in early-onset fetal growth restriction is best combining computerized fetal heart rate analysis with ductus venosus Doppler: insights from the Trial of Umbilical and Fetal Flow in Europe","volume":"218","author":"Frusca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.03.009","article-title":"Blocked, delayed, or obstructed: what causes poor white matter development in intrauterine growth restricted infants?","volume":"154","author":"Tolcos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17433","article-title":"How to monitor pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction and delivery before 32 weeks: post-hoc analysis of TRUFFLE study","volume":"49","author":"Ganzevoort","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.S1.262","article-title":"Apgar scores as predictors of chronic neurologic disability, by Karin B. Nelson, MD, and Jonas H. Ellenberg, PhD, Pediatrics, 1981;68:36-44","volume":"102","author":"Golden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(91)90191-5","article-title":"Acute neonatal morbidity and long-term central nervous system sequelae of perinatal asphyxia in term infants","volume":"25","author":"Shankaran","year":"1991","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937818321744?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937818321744?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T09:47:06Z","timestamp":1775296026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937818321744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937818321744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Threshold of metabolic acidosis associated with newborn cerebral palsy: medical legal implications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1107","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}