{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:27:25Z","timestamp":1792038445016,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T02:01:11Z","timestamp":1551751271000},"page":"53.e1-53.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Clinicopathologic features, incidence, and survival trends of gynecologic neuroendocrine tumors: a SEER database analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3605-1163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Economos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6826-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaux J.","family":"Kanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the gynecologic tract: a Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) clinical document","volume":"122","author":"Gardner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2013.06.007","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the gynecologic tract: select topics","volume":"30","author":"Rouzbahman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.02.004","article-title":"Small cell cancers of the female genital tract: molecular and clinical aspects","volume":"149","author":"Patibandla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199808000-00003","article-title":"Survival analysis of 200 pulonary neuroendocrine tumors with clarification of criteria for atypical carcinoid and its separation from typical carcinoid","volume":"22","author":"Travis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.1202","article-title":"Neuroendorcine neoplasms of the lung: a prognostic spectrum","volume":"24","author":"Arasmura","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-018-0066-3","article-title":"Current treatment strategies for patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs)","volume":"4","author":"Uri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong Q, Chen QY, Xie JW, et\u00a0al. Incidence trend and conditional survival estimates of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a large population-based study. Cancer Med 2018;7:3521-33.","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1598"},{"issue":"9 Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000265","article-title":"Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) consensus review for carcinoid tumors of the ovary","volume":"24","author":"Reed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589","article-title":"Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Dasari","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002594","article-title":"The evolution of surgical strategies for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan-NETs): time-trend and outcome analysis from 587 consecutive resections at a high-volume institution","volume":"269","author":"Landoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib11","first-page":"34","article-title":"Terminology of endocrine tumors of the uterine cervix: results of a workshop sponsored by the College of American Pathologists and the National Cancer Institute","volume":"121","author":"Albores-Saavedrea","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"suppl15","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib12","volume":"36","author":"Sarshekeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.12.003","article-title":"Neuroendrocrine tumors of the uterine cervix: a therapeutic challenge for gynecologic oncologists","volume":"144","author":"Gadducci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2000.6118","article-title":"Multimodality therapy in early-stage neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix","volume":"81","author":"Boruta II","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181bccef5","article-title":"Small cell lung cancer: are we making progress?","volume":"339","author":"Dowell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib16","first-page":"347","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the cervix: treatment and survival outcomes of 188 patients","volume":"4","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-007-1740-z","article-title":"Surgery and chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer in stage I-II with or without radiotherapy","volume":"183","author":"Bischof","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.01.014","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: the role of multimodality therapy in early-stage disease","volume":"129","author":"McCann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.11.007","article-title":"Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: prognostic factors and survival advantage with platinum chemotherapy","volume":"120","author":"Embry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1097\/igc.0000000000001143","article-title":"Surgery versus radiation treatment for high-grade neuroendocrine cancer of uterine cervix: a Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database analysis","volume":"28","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.02.008","article-title":"Natural history and outcome of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix","volume":"141","author":"Margolis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.10.040","article-title":"Combination therpay with topotecan, paclitaxel and bevacizumab improves progression-free survival in recurrent small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix","volume":"144","author":"Frumovitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40661-017-0038-9","article-title":"Metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix treated with PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Paraghamian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol Res Pract"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937819304314?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937819304314?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:24:30Z","timestamp":1757589870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937819304314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937819304314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinicopathologic features, incidence, and survival trends of gynecologic neuroendocrine tumors: a SEER database analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}