{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:46:23Z","timestamp":1787748383795,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005292","name":"Brigham and Women&apos;s Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T01:54:03Z","timestamp":1565229243000},"page":"68.e1-68.e12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin as a predictor of ongoing pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"222","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2225-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula C.","family":"Brady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie V.","family":"Farland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Racowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Ginsburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136808","article-title":"Chorionic gonadotrophin-beta mRNA, a trophoblast marker, is expressed in human 8-cell embryos derived from tripronucleate zygotes","volume":"3","author":"Bonduelle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719112472739","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the secretome of cultured embryos: hyperglycosylated hCG and hCG-free beta subunit are potential markers for infertility management and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Butler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmg043","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of placental development and endocrine functions between the human and mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Malassin\u00e9","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E240","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0138","article-title":"Hyperglycosylated hCG is a marker of early human trophoblast invasion","volume":"95","author":"Guibourdenche","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.03.010","article-title":"Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin and the source of pregnancy failures","volume":"89","author":"Sasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12459","article-title":"Hyperglycosylated hCG: a unique human implantation and invasion factor","volume":"75","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.10.2209","article-title":"Choriocarcinoma-like human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and HCG bioactivity during the first trimester of pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Mock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-213686","article-title":"Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates angiogenesis through TGF-beta receptor activation","volume":"27","author":"Berndt","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev016","article-title":"Dynamic changes in hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotrophin throughout the first trimester of pregnancy and its role in early placentation","volume":"30","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1741","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2027","article-title":"Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin does not increase progesterone production by luteinized granulosa cells","volume":"97","author":"Crochet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1309","article-title":"Proliferation of uterine natural killer cells is induced by human chorionic gonadotropin and mediated via the mannose receptor","volume":"150","author":"Kane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-005-0107-z","article-title":"Serious foetal growth restriction is associated with reduced proportions of natural killer cells in decidua basalis","volume":"448","author":"Eide","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.040337","article-title":"Inhibition of trophoblast cell invasion by TGFB1, 2, and 3 is associated with a decrease in active proteases","volume":"73","author":"Lash","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2001.0653","article-title":"Characterization of a TGFbeta-responsive human trophoblast-derived cell line","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.08.006","article-title":"First trimester hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotrophin in serum\u2014a marker of early-onset preeclampsia","volume":"34","author":"Keikkala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.107607","article-title":"Placental origins of preeclampsia: challenging the current hypothesis","volume":"51","author":"Huppertz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.2.308","article-title":"Utility of commonly used commercial human chorionic gonadotropin immunoassays in the diagnosis and management of trophoblastic diseases","volume":"47","author":"Cole","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.12.056","article-title":"Application of redefined human chorionic gonadotropin curves for the diagnosis of women at risk for ectopic pregnancy","volume":"86","author":"Seeber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000128174.48843.12","article-title":"Symptomatic patients with an early viable intrauterine pregnancy","volume":"104","author":"Barnhart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0744-y","article-title":"Serum hCG-\u03b2 levels of postovulatory day 12 and 14 with the sequential application of hCG-\u03b2 fold change significantly increased predictability of pregnancy outcome after IVF-ET cycle","volume":"33","author":"Sung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib21","first-page":"245","article-title":"Predictive value of early serum beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin for the successful outcome in women undergoing in\u00a0vitro fertilization","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.7.1901","article-title":"Serum HCG 12 days after embryo transfer in predicting pregnancy outcome","volume":"17","author":"Poikkeus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.042","article-title":"Prognostic value of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin is dependent on day of embryo transfer during in\u00a0vitro fertilization","volume":"96","author":"Kathiresan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60054-5","article-title":"Age and a single day-14 beta-HCG can predict ongoing pregnancy following IVF","volume":"19","author":"McCoy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei389","article-title":"Defining the rise of serum HCG in viable pregnancies achieved through use of IVF","volume":"21","author":"Chung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-013-0099-6","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin levels are equally predictive for pregnancy outcome after fresh and vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer","volume":"30","author":"Relji\u010d","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-012-9774-2","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of hyperglycosylated hCG (hhCG) levels to reliably diagnose clinical IVF pregnancies at 6 days following embryo transfer","volume":"29","author":"Strom","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.11.003","article-title":"Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin as an early predictor of pregnancy outcomes after in\u00a0vitro fertilization","volume":"101","author":"Chuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1720497","article-title":"Differential expression of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) glycosylation isoforms in failing and continuing pregnancies: preliminary characterization of the hyperglycosylated hCG epitope","volume":"172","author":"Kovalevskaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000132412","article-title":"Serum hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin to predict the gestational outcome in in\u00a0vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection pregnancies","volume":"24","author":"Bersinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-017-0987-2","article-title":"Initial maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels in pregnancies achieved after assisted reproductive technology are higher after preimplantation genetic screening and after frozen embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort","volume":"34","author":"Hobeika","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00575-X","article-title":"Clinical and endocrine effects of a microdose GnRH agonist flare regimen administered to poor responders who are undergoing in\u00a0vitro fertilization","volume":"69","author":"Surrey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.04.031","article-title":"Use of a luteal estradiol patch\u00a0and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist suppression protocol before gonadotropin stimulation for in\u00a0vitro fertilization in poor responders","volume":"84","author":"Dragisic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55264-9","article-title":"Randomized, prospective comparison of luteal leuprolide acetate and gonadotropins vs clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins in 408 first cycles of in\u00a0vitro fertilization","volume":"58","author":"Tummn","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh668","article-title":"GnRH\u00a0antagonist vs long GnRH agonist protocol in poor responders undergoing IVF: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Cheung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-199906000-00013","article-title":"Culture and transfer of human blastocysts","volume":"11","author":"Gardner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00518-5","article-title":"Blastocyst score affects implantation and pregnancy outcome: towards a single blastocyst transfer","volume":"73","author":"Gardner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000086484","article-title":"Specific measurement of o-linked core 2 sugar-containing isoforms of hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin by antibody b152","volume":"26","author":"Birken","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115101","article-title":"The impact of confounder selection criteria on effect estimation","volume":"129","author":"Mickey","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960530)15:10<969::AID-SIM211>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Regret graphs, diagnostic uncertainty and Youden's Index","volume":"15","author":"Hilden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.06.005","article-title":"Hyperglycosylated hCG, a review","volume":"31","author":"Cole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2006.03.020","article-title":"A\u00a0single serum test for measuring early pregnancy outcome with high predictive value","volume":"39","author":"Sutton-Riley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.08.010","article-title":"Making evidence-based decisions in reproductive medicine","volume":"110","author":"Martins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937819310026?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937819310026?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:25:12Z","timestamp":1757589912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937819310026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937819310026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin as a predictor of ongoing pregnancy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}