{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:01:00Z","timestamp":1791910860285,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T10:42:40Z","timestamp":1630320160000},"page":"556.e1-556.e10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Preoperative pudendal block with liposomal and plain bupivacaine reduces pain associated with posterior colporrhaphy: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"225","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-7222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Dengler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1893-0236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric R.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"DiCarlo-Meacham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5338-3733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva K.","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel I.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e31824041a4","article-title":"Postoperative voiding dysfunction following posterior colporrhaphy","volume":"18","author":"Book","year":"2012","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.09.029","article-title":"Liposomal bupivacaine efficacy for postoperative pain following posterior vaginal surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"219","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-016-0679-x","article-title":"Transversus abdominal plane block for postoperative analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials","volume":"63","author":"Brogi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_61_15","article-title":"Postoperative analgesia after total abdominal hysterectomy: is the transversus abdominis plane block effective?","volume":"22","author":"Suner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.150547","article-title":"The analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block with mid-axillary approach after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Kawahara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04488-x","article-title":"Pre-emptive digitally guided pudendal block after posterior vaginal repair","volume":"32","author":"Uustal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.03.032","article-title":"Pre-emptive analgesia by nerve stimulator guided pudendal nerve block for posterior colpoperineorrhaphy","volume":"163","author":"Ismail","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2018.07.018","article-title":"Preemptive analgesia in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery","volume":"26","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib9","unstructured":"Pacira Pharmaceuticals Inc. Exparel (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) [package insert]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration website. Available at: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2021\/022496s035lbl.pdf. Accessed Aug. 8, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib10","first-page":"107","article-title":"Efficacy profile of liposome bupivacaine, a novel formulation of bupivacaine for postsurgical analgesia","volume":"5","author":"Bergese","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e318232d4c1","article-title":"Bupivacaine extended-release liposome injection for prolonged postsurgical analgesia in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Gorfine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib12","first-page":"3109","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine for pain control after cesarean delivery: a retrospective chart review","volume":"11","author":"Baker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1397118","article-title":"Intra-incisional liposomal bupivacaine and its impact on postcesarean analgesia: a retrospective study","volume":"32","author":"Parikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.06.008","article-title":"Ultrasound guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) infiltration with liposomal bupivacaine for patients undergoing robotic assisted hysterectomy: a prospective randomized controlled study","volume":"138","author":"Hutchins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000909","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block versus surgical site infiltration for pain management after open total abdominal hysterectomy","volume":"121","author":"Gasanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.07.001","article-title":"Liposomal bupivacaine decreases pain following retropubic sling placement: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"217","author":"Mazloomdoost","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2018.11.005","article-title":"Liposomal bupivacaine versus bupivacaine hydrochloride with lidocaine during midurethral sling placement: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Iwanoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000855","article-title":"A\u00a0novel injection technique for extended-release local anesthetic after posterior colporrhaphy and perineorrhaphy: a randomized controlled study","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002375","article-title":"Liposomal bupivacaine during robotic colpopexy and posterior repair: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"131","author":"Yeung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3758-4","article-title":"Randomized double-blind trial of short- versus long-acting analgesia at the sacrospinous ligament","volume":"30","author":"Propst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw105","article-title":"Psychometric testing of the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS): a new pain scale for military population","volume":"17","author":"Polomano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000165275.39905.0d","article-title":"The effect of preemptive pudendal nerve blockade on pain after transvaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery","volume":"106","author":"Abramov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rca.2017.05.005","article-title":"Regional anesthesia guided by ultrasound in the pudendal nerve territory","volume":"45","author":"Rojas-Gomez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Colomb Anesteiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100115","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of liposomal bupivacaine for pain following obstetrical laceration","volume":"2","author":"Dengler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.10.033","article-title":"Gaining the patient perspective on pelvic floor disorders\u2019 surgical adverse events","volume":"220","author":"Dunivan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/31.12.538","article-title":"Pudendal block anaesthesia in obstetrics. A review of 510 operative deliveries","volume":"31","author":"Goldman","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib27","first-page":"CD009200","article-title":"Local anaesthetic nerve block for pain management in labour","author":"Novikova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e306","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000915","article-title":"The anatomical distribution of the pudendal nerve block injection: a cadaveric study","volume":"27","author":"Takashima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib29","first-page":"130","article-title":"Preoperative percutaneous ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block with 0.5% bupivacaine for post-herniorrhaphy pain management in adults","volume":"15","author":"Bugedo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Reg Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03315-5","article-title":"Blockade of peripheral neuronal barrage reduces postoperative pain","volume":"70","author":"Gordon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199001000-00006","article-title":"Postoperative pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy with different types of anesthesia","volume":"70","author":"Tverskoy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/306686a0","article-title":"Evidence for a central component of post-injury pain hypersensitivity","volume":"306","author":"Woolf","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199377020-00026","article-title":"Preemptive analgesia--treating postoperative pain by preventing the establishment of central sensitization","volume":"77","author":"Woolf","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000368","article-title":"Comparative perioperative pain and recovery in women undergoing vaginal reconstruction versus robotic sacrocolpopexy","volume":"23","author":"Westermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib35","article-title":"EXPAREL is a cost-effective option for postsurgical pain management in the hospital and ambulatory (outpatient) settings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Non-Opioid Exparel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0322","article-title":"The effect of a scheduled regimen of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on opioid use following cesarean delivery","volume":"48","author":"Poljak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-020-03630-x","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block in patients undergoing open hemorrhoidectomy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034_bib38","article-title":"The role of pudendal nerve block in colorectal surgery: a systematic review","author":"Fadel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Surg"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937821009686?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937821009686?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:33:54Z","timestamp":1757590434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937821009686"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937821009686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preoperative pudendal block with liposomal and plain bupivacaine reduces pain associated with posterior colporrhaphy: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.08.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}