{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:58:55Z","timestamp":1793325535858,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1091302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1091302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1194937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1194937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T17:42:00Z","timestamp":1666978920000},"page":"657-674.e91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Evidence for increased tone or overactivity of pelvic floor muscles in pelvic health conditions: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Rachel S.","family":"Worman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Stafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline Baldini","family":"Prudencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24658","article-title":"An International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for pelvic floor muscle assessment","volume":"40","author":"Frawley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00102-4","article-title":"Understanding and measurement of muscle tone as related to clinical muscle pain","volume":"75","author":"Simons","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib3","first-page":"2226","article-title":"Pelvic floor myofascial trigger points: manual therapy for interstitial cystitis and the urgency-frequency syndrome","volume":"166","author":"Weiss","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-003-1049-0","article-title":"Rehabilitation of the short pelvic floor. I: Background and patient evaluation","volume":"14","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70039-5","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Bump","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20144","article-title":"Standardization of terminology of pelvic floor muscle function and dysfunction: report from the pelvic floor clinical assessment group of the International Continence Society","volume":"24","author":"Messelink","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2020.02.002","article-title":"\u201cThe overactive pelvic floor (OPF) and sexual dysfunction\u201d part 1: pathophysiology of OPF and its impact on the sexual response","volume":"9","author":"Padoa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2020.04.002","article-title":"The overactive pelvic floor (OPF) and sexual dysfunction. Part 2: evaluation and treatment of sexual dysfunction in OPF patients","volume":"9","author":"Padoa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000001121","article-title":"Assessment of the pelvic floor and associated musculoskeletal system: guide for medical practitioners","volume":"27","author":"Harm-Ernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1389.034","article-title":"Functional anatomy of the female pelvic floor","volume":"1101","author":"Ashton-Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2008.06.003","article-title":"Pelvic floor anatomy and applied physiology","volume":"37","author":"Raizada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib12","first-page":"592","article-title":"Heightened pelvic floor muscle tone and altered contractility in women with provoked vestibulodynia","volume":"14","author":"Morin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19105","article-title":"Does 4D transperineal ultrasound have additional value over 2D transperineal ultrasound for diagnosing posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed defecation syndrome?","volume":"52","author":"Van Gruting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002245","article-title":"Accuracy of four imaging techniques for diagnosis of posterior pelvic floor disorders","volume":"130","author":"Van Gruting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-008-0567-0","article-title":"Comparative study between biofeedback retraining and botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of anismus patients","volume":"24","author":"Farid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-014-1154-8","article-title":"Psycho-echo-biofeedback: a novel treatment for anismus\u2013results of a prospective controlled study","volume":"18","author":"Del Popolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02081409","article-title":"Initial North American experience with botulinum toxin type A for treatment of anismus","volume":"39","author":"Joo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2330-7","article-title":"Semi-closed bilateral partial miotomy of the puborectalis for anismus: a pilot study: partial miotomy of the puborectalis for anismus","volume":"30","author":"Asciore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.10.1175","article-title":"Outlet obstruction constipation (anismus) managed by biofeedback","volume":"32","author":"Kawimbe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234461","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type-A in therapy of patients with anismus","volume":"44","author":"Ron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00791.x","article-title":"Experience with type A botulinum toxin for treatment of outlet-type constipation","volume":"101","author":"Maria","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.008","article-title":"El Nekady Ael A, Hassan H. Role of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in management of obstructed defecation case series","volume":"8","author":"Elshazly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200312000-00006","article-title":"Screening for musculoskeletal causes of pelvic pain","volume":"46","author":"Prendergast","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00635992","article-title":"Muscle blood flow during isometric activity and its relation to muscle fatigue","volume":"57","author":"Sj\u00f8gaard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23186","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with pelvic floor dysfunctions-a cross sectional cohort study at a Pelvic Care\u00a0Centre","volume":"36","author":"Vrijens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib26","first-page":"1978","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle problems mediate sexual problems in young adult rape victims","volume":"10","author":"Postma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00120.x","article-title":"Pelvic floor dysfunction in women after pelvic trauma","volume":"111","author":"Baessler","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2009.02165.x","article-title":"Quality of life after surgery for rectal cancer with special reference to pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Varpe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzx012","article-title":"Pelvic-floor properties in women reporting urinary incontinence after surgery and radiotherapy for endometrial cancer","volume":"97","author":"Bernard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24656","article-title":"Reliability of ultrasound imaging of pelvic floor morphology and function among females who have undergone pelvic radiotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Bernard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.05.41","article-title":"Overactive pelvic floor muscles (OPFM): improving diagnostic accuracy with clinical examination and functional studies","volume":"6","author":"Aw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/JWH.0b013e31829df717","article-title":"Physical therapy management of outlet dysfunction constipation and pelvic pain","volume":"37","author":"Binford","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Women\u2019s Heal Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ASEB.0000007458.32852.c8","article-title":"Vaginal spasm, pain, and behavior: an empirical investigation of the diagnosis of vaginismus","volume":"33","author":"Reissing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610400023106","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle functioning in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Reissing","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060168","article-title":"Management of dyspareunia and associated levator ani muscle overactivity","volume":"87","author":"Fisher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.07.013","article-title":"Chronic urinary retention and pelvic floor hypertonicity after surgery for endometriosis: a case series","volume":"193","author":"Gehrich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20162","article-title":"Pelvic floor electromyography in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a case-control study","volume":"25","author":"Hetrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.06.065","article-title":"Modified Thiele massage as therapeutic intervention for female patients with interstitial cystitis and high-tone pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"64","author":"Oyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1159\/000020314","article-title":"Perisphincteric injection of botulinum toxin type A. A treatment option for patients with chronic prostatic pain?","volume":"38","author":"Zermann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3109\/00365597309133690","article-title":"Origin of pain in interstitial cystitis. Effect of ultrasound treatment on the concomitant levator ani spasm syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Lilius","year":"1973","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/JWH.0000000000000062","article-title":"Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of a patient with interstitial cystitis, dyspareunia, and low back pain: a case report","volume":"41","author":"Cozean","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Women\u2019s Heal Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/01274882-200630010-00004","article-title":"Physical therapy treatment for vulvar vestibulitis: a case report","volume":"30","author":"Downey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Womens Health Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00315.x","article-title":"The use of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOXR) as treatment for intractable chronic pelvic pain associated with spasm of the levator ani muscles","volume":"112","author":"Thomson","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib44","first-page":"10","article-title":"Pelvic physical therapy for chronic pain and dysfunction following laparoscopic excision of endometriosis: case report","volume":"17","author":"Hunt","year":"2019","journal-title":"IJAHSP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000620","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscles training to reduce symptoms and signs of vulvovaginal atrophy: a case study","volume":"23","author":"Mercier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib46","first-page":"247","article-title":"Reducing pelvic floor hypertonicity in patients with vulvodynia","volume":"3","author":"Becka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Ther Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib47","first-page":"20","article-title":"Changing the pelvic floor","volume":"98","author":"Whelan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assoc Chart Physiother Womens Heal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib48","first-page":"84","article-title":"Successful outcome of prolonged postpartum hip pain with focused pelvic health physical therapy: a case report","volume":"31","author":"Hentis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib49","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle assessment outcomes in women with and without provoked vestibulodynia and the impact of a physical therapy program","volume":"7","author":"Gentilcore-Saulnier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, et\u00a0al. Supplementary material to: PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n160.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01251-1","article-title":"Tensor fascia latae muscle structure and activation in individuals with lower limb musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Besomi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2016.06.005","article-title":"Running related gluteus medius function in health and injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Semciw","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"Robins-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24512","article-title":"Genetic variants and expression changes in urgency urinary incontinence: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Post","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0430-z","article-title":"Can fear, pain, and muscle tension discriminate vaginismus from dyspareunia\/provoked vestibulodynia? Implications for the new DSM-5 diagnosis of genito-pelvic pain\/penetration disorder","volume":"44","author":"Lahaie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062225","article-title":"Characterization of pelvic floor activity in healthy subjects and with chronic pelvic pain: diagnostic potential of surface electromyography","volume":"21","author":"Albaladejo-belmonte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib58","first-page":"514","article-title":"Prostatodynia: clinical and urodynamic characteristics","volume":"130","author":"Barbalias","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib59","first-page":"1275","article-title":"High-density surface electromyography assessment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women with interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome","volume":"204","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90141-5","article-title":"Urethral pressure variation in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome","volume":"169","author":"Foster","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.10.156","article-title":"Central nervous system abnormalities in vaginismus","volume":"120","author":"Frasson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3708","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073708","article-title":"Postural sensorimotor control on anorectal pressures and pelvic floor muscle tone and strength: effects of a single 5p\u00ae logsurf session. a cross-sectional preliminary study","volume":"18","author":"Fuentes-Aparicio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20201","article-title":"Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength assessment using different test positions and tools","volume":"25","author":"Frawley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050352","article-title":"Manometric and radiologic investigations and biofeedback treatment of chronic idiopathic anal pain","volume":"34","author":"Grimaud","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2660-6","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle function in women with provoked vestibulodynia and asymptomatic controls","volume":"26","author":"Naess","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib66","first-page":"141","article-title":"Electromyography and vaginal pressure of the pelvic floor muscles in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and vulvodynia","volume":"57","author":"Polpeta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2011.12.004","article-title":"The association between pelvic floor muscle function and pelvic girdle pain - a matched case control 3D ultrasound study","volume":"17","author":"Stuge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib68","first-page":"117","article-title":"Vaginismus: a clinical and neurophysiological study","volume":"14","author":"Graziottin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urodyn Neurol Cont Pelvic Floor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2004.00163.x","article-title":"Pilot study of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain associated with spasm of the levator ani muscles","volume":"44","author":"Jarvis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib70","first-page":"177","article-title":"Chronic testicular pain as a symptom of pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"183","author":"Planken","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib71","first-page":"864","article-title":"\u201cDiagnostic investigation of the pelvic floor\u201d: a helpful tool in the approach in patients with complaints of micturition, defecation, and\/or sexual dysfunction","volume":"5","author":"Voorham-van Der Zalm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.177.3.1770633","article-title":"Predictive value of impaired evacuation at proctography in diagnosing anismus","volume":"177","author":"Halligan","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24192","article-title":"Is it time to rethink using digital palpation for assessment of muscle stiffness?","volume":"39","author":"Davidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102438","article-title":"Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: amplitude normalization matrix","volume":"53","author":"Besomi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib75","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0135-5","article-title":"Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome: insights from the MAPP Research Network","volume":"16","author":"Clemens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3599-1","article-title":"Can maximal voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction reduce vaginal resting pressure and resting EMG activity?","volume":"29","author":"Naess","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib78","first-page":"16","article-title":"Physical therapy management of pelvic floor dyssynergia","volume":"32","author":"Bannister","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Womens Health Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2004.12.014","article-title":"The effect of biofeedback physical therapy in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome type III","volume":"47","author":"Cornel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib80","first-page":"3173","article-title":"Use of pelvic floor ultrasound to assess pelvic floor muscle function in urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men","volume":"8","author":"Davis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(87)90193-2","article-title":"Neuromuscular dysfunction in nonbacterial prostatitis","volume":"30","author":"Hellstrom","year":"1987","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib82","first-page":"828","article-title":"Musculoskeletal dysfunction in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome type III: a case-control study","volume":"170","author":"Hetrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.05.026","article-title":"Transabdominal ultrasound measurement of pelvic floor muscle mobility in men with and without chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Khorasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/JWH.0b013e31823b0766","article-title":"Differential diagnosis in a patient referred for pelvic floor tension myalgia","volume":"35","author":"Underwood","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Women\u2019s Heal Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib85","first-page":"903","article-title":"Neurourological insights into the etiology of genitourinary pain in men","volume":"161","author":"Zermann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820400017921","article-title":"Surface electromyography diagnostics in women with partial vaginismus with or without vulvar vestibulitis and in asymptomatic women","volume":"25","author":"Engman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00845358","article-title":"A\u00a0psychophysiological evaluation of female urethral syndrome: evidence for a muscular abnormality","volume":"15","author":"Bernstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.12.1503","article-title":"Constipation and paradoxical puborectalis contraction in anismus and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a dystonic phenomenon?","volume":"51","author":"Mathers","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib89","first-page":"959","article-title":"Electromyographic comparisons of the pelvic floor in women with dysesthetic vulvodynia and asymptomatic women","volume":"43","author":"Glazer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib90","first-page":"283","article-title":"Treatment of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome with electromyographic biofeedback of pelvic floor musculature","volume":"40","author":"Glazer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.11.018","article-title":"Improvement in pelvic pain with botulinum toxin type A - single vs. repeat injections","volume":"63","author":"Nesbitt-Hawes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03964.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: effects of botulinum toxin on levator ani syndrome - a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"29","author":"Rao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02238594","article-title":"Cinedefecography and electromyography in the diagnosis of nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Jorge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-019-02343-7","article-title":"Individualized pelvic physical therapy for the treatment of post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence and pelvic pain","volume":"52","author":"Scott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460037010","article-title":"Anal sphincter dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"46","author":"Mathers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib96","first-page":"78","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical experience with dantrolene sodium for external urinary sphincter hypertonicity in spinal cord injured patients","volume":"124","author":"Hackler","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2019-100529","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for chronic pelvic pain in\u00a0women with endometriosis: a cohort study of\u00a0a pain-focused treatment","volume":"44","author":"Tandon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1937.02780420031008","article-title":"Coccygodynia and pain in the superior gluteal region and down the back of the thigh: causation by tonic spasm of the levator ani, coccygeus and piriformis muscles and relief by massage of these muscles","volume":"109","author":"Thiele","year":"1937","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000177","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A injections into pelvic floor muscles under electromyographic guidance for women with refractory high-tone pelvic floor dysfunction: a 6-month prospective pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Morrissey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02561685","article-title":"Is paradoxical contraction of puborectalis muscle of functional importance?","volume":"30","author":"Jones","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib101","first-page":"48","article-title":"The female urethral syndrome: external sphincter spasm as etiology","volume":"124","author":"Kaplan","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijosm.2012.03.002","article-title":"Pudendal nerve entrapment in a bareback rodeo cowboy: a case study","volume":"15","author":"Lafave","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Osteopath Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/JWH.0000000000000022","article-title":"Pain with vaginal dilation in a patient following sexual reassignment surgery","volume":"39","author":"Krick","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Women\u2019s Heal Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1713","article-title":"Widespread myofascial dysfunction and sensitisation in women with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain: a cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Phan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib105","first-page":"48","article-title":"Defecography and treatment of essential anal pain","volume":"98","author":"Salzano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4025-x","article-title":"Assessment of pelvic floor muscles in women with deep endometriosis","volume":"294","author":"dos Bispo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000237100.29870.cc","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for chronic pain and pelvic floor spasm in women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2108-9","article-title":"Intra-vaginal diazepam for high-tone pelvic floor dysfunction: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Crisp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-003-1050-7","article-title":"Rehabilitation of the short pelvic floor. II: Treatment of the patient with the short pelvic floor","volume":"14","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-1292-7","article-title":"Relations between pregnancy-related low back pain, pelvic floor activity and pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Pool-Goudzwaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib111","first-page":"950","article-title":"The effect of biofeedback therapy on dyssynergic constipation in patients with or without irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Ahadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Res Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2014.485.x","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle dysfunctions are prevalent in female chronic pelvic pain: a cross-sectional population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Loving","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.09.002","article-title":"Physical therapy evaluation of patients with chronic pelvic pain: a controlled study","volume":"198","author":"Tu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(76)90340-X","article-title":"Use of dantrolene sodium in external sphincter spasm","volume":"8","author":"Murdock","year":"1976","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib115","first-page":"337","article-title":"Treating vulvar vestibulitis with electromyographic biofeedback of pelvic floor musculature","volume":"46","author":"McKay","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib116","first-page":"635","article-title":"Subjective and objective outcomes of botulinum toxin type A treatment in vestibulodynia: pilot data","volume":"51","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.06.026","article-title":"Vaginal diazepam plus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to treat vestibulodynia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"228","author":"Murina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00998854","article-title":"EMG biofeedback for functional bladder-sphincter dyssynergia: a case study","volume":"8","author":"Libo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biofeedback Self Regul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00115-X","article-title":"Study of the pelvic floor muscles in vaginismus: a concept of pathogenesis","volume":"105","author":"Shafik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00007-3","article-title":"The relationship between involuntary pelvic floor muscle activity, muscle awareness and experienced threat in women with and without vaginismus","volume":"39","author":"Van der Velde","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0814-9","article-title":"Randomized, controlled trial shows biofeedback to be superior to alternative treatments for patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia-type constipation","volume":"50","author":"Heymen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-021-02840-8","article-title":"The efficacy of manipulation as a treatment for myofascial pelvic pain","volume":"53","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10590.x","article-title":"Comparisons of pelvic floor muscle performance, anxiety, quality of life and life stress in women with dry overactive bladder compared with asymptomatic women","volume":"109","author":"Knight","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib124","first-page":"157","article-title":"Establishing the diagnosis of vulvar vestibulitis","volume":"42","author":"White","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib125","first-page":"1","article-title":"Normative values for Glazer Protocol in the evaluation of pelvic floor muscle bioelectrical activity","volume":"99","author":"Olesky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20232","article-title":"Postural and respiratory functions of the pelvic floor muscles","volume":"26","author":"Hodges","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2011.17.4.416","article-title":"How to interpret a functional or motility test \u2013 defecography","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib128","first-page":"69","article-title":"The spastic pelvic floor syndrome: its diagnosis and treatment","volume":"63","author":"Carbognani","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib129","first-page":"931","article-title":"Outlet obstruction due to hypertonic striated muscle contraction","volume":"12","author":"Veyrac","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02258305","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in the treatment of outlet obstruction constipation caused by puborectalis syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Maria","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2006.01038.x","article-title":"Rectal sensation, pelvic floor function and symptom severity in Hispanic population with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation","volume":"8","author":"Awad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2013.11.010","article-title":"Defecography used as a screening entry for identifying evacuatory pelvic floor disorders in childhood constipation","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-003-0013-9","article-title":"Electromyographic findings of paradoxical puborectalis contraction correlate poorly with cinedefecography","volume":"7","author":"Yeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236560","article-title":"Intraobserver and interobserver measurements of the anorectal angle and perineal descent in defecography","volume":"43","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4392918","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4392918","article-title":"Postoperative MR defecography following Failed STARR Procedure for Obstructive\u00a0Defecation Syndrome: A three-Centre Experience","volume":"2017","author":"Piloni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00342","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000342","article-title":"Translating fecobionics into a technique that addresses clinical needs for objective perineal descent measurements","volume":"12","author":"Zhuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70195-2","article-title":"AGA technical review on anorectal testing techniques","volume":"116","author":"Diamant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.02.024","article-title":"Nonrelaxing pelvic floor dysfunction is an underestimated complication of ileal pouch\u2013anal anastomosis","volume":"15","author":"Quinn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.033","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic, critical review of manual palpation for identifying myofascial trigger points: evidence\u00a0and clinical significance","volume":"89","author":"Myburgh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181bb0dbb","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin type a injections for vaginismus secondary to vulvar vestibulitis syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Bertolasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-008-0682-z","article-title":"The quantification of levator muscle resting tone by digital assessment","volume":"19","author":"Dietz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib142","first-page":"243","article-title":"Differences in the biometry of the levator hiatus at rest, during contraction, and during valsalva maneuver between women with and without provoked vestibulodynia assessed by transperineal ultrasound imaging","volume":"13","author":"Thibault-Gagnon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib143","first-page":"346","article-title":"Relationships between 3-dimensional transperineal ultrasound imaging and digital intravaginal palpation assessments of the pelvic floor muscles in women with and without provoked vestibulodynia","volume":"15","author":"Thibault-Gagnon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/JWH.0000000000000010","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle evaluation findings in patients with urinary incontinence","volume":"38","author":"Unger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Womens Health Phys Therap"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04467-2","article-title":"High-density surface electromyographic assessment of pelvic floor hypertonicity in IC\/BPS patients: a pilot study","volume":"32","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Published online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4784.20.04555-4","article-title":"Genitopelvic pain: retrospective evaluation of a multimodal treatment efficacy","volume":"72","author":"Ghizzani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib147","first-page":"2023","article-title":"Vestibular anatomic localization of pain sensitivity in women with insertional dyspareunia: A different approach to address the variability of painful intercourse","volume":"9","author":"Lev-Sagie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2020.1765057","article-title":"Transperineal ultrasound visual feedback assisted pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis and dyspareunia: A pilot study","volume":"46","author":"Del Forno","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20659","article-title":"Face validity and reliability of the first digital assessment scheme of pelvic floor muscle function conform the new standardized terminology of the International Continence Society","volume":"28","author":"Slieker-ten Hove","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib150","first-page":"597","article-title":"Surgery combined with muscle therapy for dyspareunia from vulvar vestibulitis: an observational study","volume":"52","author":"Goetsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-04136-z","article-title":"Postnatal pelvic floor muscle stiffness measured by vaginal elastometry in women with obstetric anal sphincter injury: a pilot study","volume":"31","author":"Anumba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22537","article-title":"An automated Hand-Held elastometer for quantifying the passive stiffness of the levator ani muscle in women","volume":"34","author":"Kruger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20603","article-title":"Reliability of dynamometric passive properties of the pelvic floor muscles in postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence","volume":"27","author":"Morin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2020.1724942","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training: mechanisms of action for the improvement of genitourinary syndrome of menopause","volume":"23","author":"Mercier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20334","article-title":"Reliability of speed of contraction and endurance dynamometric measurements of the pelvic floor musculature in stress incontinent parous women","volume":"26","author":"Morin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340500442456","article-title":"Placement of probes in electrostimulation and biofeedback training in pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"85","author":"Voorham-Van Der Zalm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-021-04881-0","article-title":"Reliability, validity and responsiveness of pelvic floor muscle surface electromyography and manometry","volume":"32","author":"Br\u00e6kken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2017.04.002","article-title":"Reliability of pelvic floor muscle electromyography tested on healthy women and women with pelvic floor muscle dysfunction","volume":"60","author":"Koenig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2009.05.027","article-title":"The reliability of surface EMG recorded from the pelvic floor muscles","volume":"182","author":"Auchincloss","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920050051","article-title":"Voluntary control over pelvic floor muscles in women with and without vaginistic reactions","volume":"10","author":"Van Der Velde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib161","first-page":"1486","article-title":"The relevance of urodynamic studies for urge syndrome and dysfunctional voiding: A multicenter controlled trial in children","volume":"180","author":"Bael","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.07047.x","article-title":"Influence of intravesical potassium on pelvic floor activity in women with overactive bladder syndrome: comparative urodynamics might provide better detection of dysfunctional voiding","volume":"100","author":"Akkad","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20397","article-title":"Correlation of bladder base elevation with pelvic floor hypertonicity in women with lower urinary tract symptoms","volume":"26","author":"Chuang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23263","article-title":"Videourodynamic analysis of the urethral sphincter overactivity and the poor relaxing pelvic floor muscles in women with voiding dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2013.10.010","article-title":"Analysis of uroflow patterns in children with dysfunctional voiding","volume":"10","author":"Wenske","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib166","first-page":"708","article-title":"Biofeedback therapy and home pelvic floor exercises for lower urinary tract dysfunction after posterior urethral valve ablation","volume":"179","author":"Ansari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/JWH.0000000000000203","article-title":"Voiding dysfunction in interstitial cystitis patients and the relation to pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"45","author":"Crouss","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Womens Health Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/JWH.0000000000000084","article-title":"Characterization of bladder and pelvic floor dysfunction in women with chronic pelvic pain","volume":"41","author":"Goueli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Womens Health Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90008-8","article-title":"Neck flexor muscle strength, efficiency, and relaxation times in normal subjects and subjects with unilateral neck pain and headache","volume":"77","author":"Barton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00703952","article-title":"The importance of the orientation of the electrode plates in recording the external anal sphincter EMG by non-invasive anal plug electrodes","volume":"6","author":"Binnie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib171","first-page":"117","article-title":"Vaginismus: A clinical and neurophysiological study","volume":"14","author":"Graziottin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urodinamica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(77)90032-2","article-title":"Voiding pattern abnormalities in children","volume":"10","author":"Firlit","year":"1977","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib173","first-page":"728","article-title":"Web-enabled Glazer surface electromyographic protocol for the remote, real-time assessment and rehabilitation of pelvic floor dysfunction in vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. A case report","volume":"47","author":"Glazer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24834","article-title":"Electromyographic analysis of maximal voluntary contraction of female pelvic floor muscles: intrarater and interrater reliability study","volume":"41","author":"Volpato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920170035","article-title":"Vaginismus, a component of a general defensive reaction. An investigation of pelvic floor muscle activity during exposure to emotion-inducing film excerpts in women with and without vaginismus","volume":"12","author":"van der Velde","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-1075-7","article-title":"Retrospective chart review of vaginal diazepam suppository use in high-tone pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Rogalski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.11.015","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of perineometer to brink score for assessment of pelvic floor muscle strength","volume":"192","author":"Hundley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.2099","article-title":"Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength measurement in elderly incontinent women","volume":"21","author":"Kerschan-Schindl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2009.07.007","article-title":"Application of perineometer in the assessment of pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance: A reliability study","volume":"15","author":"Rahmani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2010.06.007","article-title":"de Oliveira Souza Fde O, Ant\u00f4nio FI, Franco MM, B\u00f8 K. Inter-rater reliability study of the modified Oxford Grading Scale and the Peritron manometer","volume":"97","author":"Ferreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib181","series-title":"The overactive pelvic floor","first-page":"151","article-title":"Objective assessment of the overactive pelvic floor","author":"Morin","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004008","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A as a treatment for provoked vestibulodynia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"136","author":"Haraldson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3290-y","article-title":"An intra- and interrater reliability and agreement study of vaginal resting pressure, pelvic floor muscle strength, and muscular endurance using a manometer","volume":"28","author":"Tennfjord","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib184","series-title":"Textbook of female urology and urogynecology volume 1","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10051","article-title":"Standardisation of urethral pressure measurement: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society","volume":"21","author":"Lose","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib186","series-title":"Textbook of female urology and urogynecology \u2013 two-volume set","first-page":"338","article-title":"Tests of urethral function","author":"Hebert","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib187","first-page":"37","article-title":"Using high-resolution manometry as diagnostic tool for pelvic floor muscles dyssynergy confirmation in chronically constipated children","volume":"40","author":"Makosiej","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prz Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032010000400009","article-title":"Is dynamic two-dimensional anal ultrasonography useful in the assessment of anismus? A comparison with manometry","volume":"47","author":"Murad-Regadas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.06.008","article-title":"Repeatability of anorectal manometry in healthy volunteers and patients","volume":"185","author":"Otto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2011.02720.x","article-title":"Nerve-stimulator-guided pudendal nerve block by pararectal approach","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.01.017","article-title":"Assessment of obstructive defecation by high-resolution anorectal manometry compared with magnetic resonance defecography","volume":"13","author":"Heinrich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.08.028","article-title":"Validating a clinical measure of levator hiatus size","volume":"196","author":"Boyles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12462","article-title":"Inter- and intraobserver reliability for diagnosing levator ani changes on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"42","author":"Lammers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2794-6","article-title":"MRI suggests increased tonicity of the levator ani in women with interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Ackerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib195","first-page":"776","article-title":"Morphometry of the pelvic floor muscles in women with and without provoked vestibulodynia using 4D ultrasound","volume":"11","author":"Morin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2009.02018.x","article-title":"A\u00a0novel two-dimensional dynamic anal ultrasonography technique to assess anismus comparing with three-dimensional echodefecography","volume":"11","author":"Murad-Regadas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab042","article-title":"Characterizing pelvic floor muscle function and morphometry in survivors of gynecological cancer who have dyspareunia: A comparative cross-sectional study","volume":"101","author":"Cyr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib198","first-page":"2236","article-title":"Pelvic floor biometric changes assessed by 4D translabial Ultrassound in women with vulvodynia submitted to physical therapy: A pilot study of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Bardin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.18924","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle assessment on three- and four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound in women with ovarian endometriosis with or without retroperitoneal infiltration: a step towards complete functional assessment","volume":"52","author":"Mabrouk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2012.12.004","article-title":"The automatic pelvic floor muscle response to the active straight leg raise in cases with pelvic girdle pain and matched controls","volume":"18","author":"Stuge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15232","article-title":"Quantifying Levator Ani Muscle Elasticity Under Normal and Prolapse Conditions by Shear Wave Elastography: a Preliminary Study","volume":"39","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04371-9","article-title":"Is vaginal flatus related to pelvic floor functional anatomy?","volume":"31","author":"Neels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17323","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction on 3D\/4D transperineal ultrasound in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis: a pilot study","volume":"50","author":"Raimondo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2019.1676852","article-title":"Painful love: superficial dyspareunia and three dimensional transperineal ultrasound evaluation of pelvic floor muscle in women with endometriosis","volume":"46","author":"Mabrouk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20618","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of pelvic floor muscle contraction measured by 4D ultrasound","volume":"28","author":"Braekken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1899","article-title":"Biometry of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus by three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound","volume":"25","author":"Dietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6351","article-title":"Interobserver repeatability of three- and four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound assessment of pelvic floor muscle anatomy and function","volume":"33","author":"Majida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181655dc2","article-title":"Pelvic floor function in nulliparous women using three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"111","author":"Kruger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04599-5","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle assessment by digital palpation and translabial ultrasound of women with cervical or endometrial cancer after pelvic radiotherapy: a cross-sectional study","volume":"32","author":"de Morais Siqueira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Published online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5219","article-title":"New imaging method for assessing pelvic floor biomechanics","volume":"31","author":"Thyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-006-0081-2","article-title":"Assessment of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction in continent and incontinent women using transperineal ultrasound, manual muscle testing and vaginal squeeze pressure measurements","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6091257","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6091257","article-title":"How does myofascial physical therapy attenuate pain in chronic pelvic pain syndrome?","volume":"2019","author":"Grinberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2286-5","article-title":"Interrater reliability of assessing levator ani deficiency with 360\u00b0 3D endovaginal ultrasound","volume":"25","author":"Rostaminia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib214","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Evaluation of the mechanical properties of anorectal tissues and muscles by shear wave elastography in anal F\u0131ssure disease","volume":"30","author":"Ozer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Coll Phys Surg Pak"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.03.013","article-title":"Validation of the balloon evacuation test: reproducibility and agreement with findings from anorectal manometry and electromyography","volume":"12","author":"Chiarioni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00377.x","article-title":"The usefulness of a minimal urodynamic evaluation and pelvic floor biofeedback in children with chronic voiding dysfunction","volume":"84","author":"Pfister","year":"1999","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24292","article-title":"Interpretation of uroflow curves: A global survey measuring inter and intra rater reliability","volume":"39","author":"Netto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2003.02081.x","article-title":"Reproducibility and reliability of pressure flow parameters in women","volume":"110","author":"Digesu","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000604","article-title":"Fear-avoidance and pelvic floor muscle function are associated with pain intensity in women with vulvodynia","volume":"34","author":"Benoit-Piau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib220","first-page":"2065","article-title":"Too tight to give birth? Assessment of pelvic floor muscle function in 277 nulliparous pregnant women","volume":"24","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2013","journal-title":"In: Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027_bib221","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle morphometry and function in\u00a0women with primary and secondary provoked\u00a0vestibulodynia","volume":"15","author":"Fontaine","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937822008377?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937822008377?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:42:00Z","timestamp":1757590920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937822008377"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":221,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937822008377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evidence for increased tone or overactivity of pelvic floor muscles in pelvic health conditions: a systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}