{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:03:26Z","timestamp":1793707406477,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T02:42:18Z","timestamp":1690512138000},"page":"S917-S931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Assisted vaginal birth in 21st century: current practice and new innovations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Rachna","family":"Bahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Hotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Crofts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Draycott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14791","article-title":"The role of operative vaginal birth in the 21st century and a way forward","volume":"124","author":"Draycott","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001557","article-title":"Obstetric forceps: a species on the brink of extinction","volume":"128","author":"Dildy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14477","article-title":"Assisted vaginal delivery in low and middle income countries: an overview","volume":"124","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.08.015","article-title":"Increasing rates of operative vaginal delivery across two decades: accompanying outcomes and instrument preferences","volume":"171","author":"Hehir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2020","volume":"70","author":"Osterman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib6","series-title":"Cesarean section-a brief history","author":"Sewell","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e408","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30043-9","article-title":"Use of assisted vaginal birth to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections and improve maternal and perinatal outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Nolens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2008.03.007","article-title":"Cesarean birth in the United States: epidemiology, trends, and outcomes","volume":"35","author":"MacDorman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14553","article-title":"Trends in operative vaginal delivery, 2005-2013: a population-based study","volume":"124","author":"Merriam","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib10","author":"Michas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32386-9","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal mortality and complications associated with caesarean section in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"393","author":"Sobhy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06341-3","article-title":"Early maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with operative delivery in second stage of labour: a cohort study","volume":"358","author":"Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E764","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.161156","article-title":"Perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality after attempted operative vaginal delivery at midpelvic station","volume":"189","author":"Muraca","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.04.019","article-title":"Cesarean in the second stage: a possible risk factor for subsequent spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"217","author":"Berghella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13461","article-title":"Previous caesarean delivery and the risk of unexplained stillbirth: retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Moraitis","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70017-6","article-title":"The association of placenta previa with history of cesarean delivery and abortion: a meta-analysis","volume":"177","author":"Ananth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.06.035","article-title":"Impact of multiple cesarean deliveries on maternal morbidity: a systematic review","volume":"205","author":"Marshall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12080","article-title":"Placenta accreta: incidence and risk factors in an area with a particularly high rate of cesarean section","volume":"92","author":"Morlando","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052893","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for placenta accreta\/increta\/percreta in the UK: a national case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.09.028","article-title":"Long-term maternal morbidity associated with repeat cesarean delivery","volume":"205","author":"Clark","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13201","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal outcomes following abnormally invasive placenta: a population-based record linkage study","volume":"96","author":"Baldwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26592","article-title":"MRI prognosticators for adverse maternal and neonatal clinical outcome in patients at high risk for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders","volume":"50","author":"Bourgioti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2012-0219","article-title":"Placenta accreta and the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"41","author":"Balayla","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2013-0199","article-title":"Cesarean section and placental disorders in subsequent pregnancies - a meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Klar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib25","first-page":"138","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of impacted fetal head at caesarean section: a national survey","volume":"126","author":"Cornthwaite","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2020.1780422","article-title":"Impacted foetal head at caesarean section: a national survey of practice and training","volume":"41","author":"Cornthwaite","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.04.021","article-title":"Impacted fetal head: a retrospective cohort study of emergency caesarean section","volume":"261","author":"Cornthwaite","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib29","author":"English"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.37942.546076.44","article-title":"Outcome of subsequent pregnancy three years after previous operative delivery in the second stage of labour: cohort study","volume":"328","author":"Bahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08235.x","article-title":"Subsequent obstetric performance related to primary mode of delivery","volume":"106","author":"Jolly","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13322","article-title":"Pelvic organ prolapse and incontinence 15-23 years after first delivery: a cross-sectional study","volume":"122","author":"Voll\u00f8yhaug","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13692","article-title":"Delivery mode and pelvic organ prolapse: a retrospective observational study","volume":"123","author":"Trutnovsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-020-00915-w","article-title":"Women\u2019s, partners\u2019 and healthcare providers\u2019 views and experiences of assisted vaginal birth: a systematic mixed methods review","volume":"17","author":"Crossland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.04.021","article-title":"Prevention of the first cesarean delivery: the role of operative vaginal delivery","volume":"36","author":"Gei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.11.107","article-title":"Operative vaginal delivery compared to cesarean section modeled for a second pregnancy: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"218","author":"Gallagher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16336","article-title":"Assisted vaginal birth: Green-top Guideline No. 26","volume":"127","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.10.020","article-title":"No. 381-assisted vaginal birth","volume":"41","author":"Hobson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.06.043","article-title":"Instrumental delivery: clinical practice guidelines from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians","volume":"159","author":"Vayssi\u00e8re","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e149","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003764","article-title":"Operative vaginal birth: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 219","volume":"135","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001156","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal outcomes by attempted mode of operative delivery from a low station in the second stage of labor","volume":"126","author":"Halscott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912023412301","article-title":"Effect of mode of delivery in nulliparous women on neonatal intracranial injury","volume":"341","author":"Towner","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib44","first-page":"CD000224","article-title":"Vacuum extraction versus forceps for assisted vaginal delivery","author":"Johanson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000255981.86303.2b","article-title":"Neonatal complications of vacuum-assisted delivery","volume":"109","author":"Simonson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib46","first-page":"378","article-title":"Short-term neonatal outcomes of vacuum-assisted delivery. A case-control study","volume":"91","author":"Ferraz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann P\u00e9diatr (Engl ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7456.24","article-title":"Operative vaginal delivery and neonatal and infant adverse outcomes: population based retrospective analysis","volume":"329","author":"Demissie","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100984","article-title":"Incidental findings on brain MR imaging of asymptomatic term neonates in the Developing Human Connectome Project","volume":"38","author":"Carney","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-013-2826-7","article-title":"Intracranial haemorrhage: an incidental finding at magnetic resonance imaging in a cohort of late preterm and term infants","volume":"44","author":"Sirgiovanni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01347","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of incidental findings in brain MRIs of healthy neonates-the FinnBrain birth cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Kumpulainen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.11.823","article-title":"914: delivery options for second stage dystopia: a comparison of operative vaginal and cesarean delivery in terms of severe perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality","volume":"216","author":"Muraca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.210841","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal trauma following operative vaginal delivery","volume":"194","author":"Muraca","year":"2022","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.10.023","article-title":"Management of fetal malposition in the second stage of labor: a propensity score analysis","volume":"212","author":"Aiken","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib54","first-page":"191","article-title":"Comparison of morbidity in planned cesarean versus planned vaginal birth at term -12 month follow-up","author":"Mcauliffe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7902","article-title":"Effects on developmental outcomes after cesarean birth versus vaginal birth in Chinese children aged 1-59 months: a cross-sectional community-based survey","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-021-04877-w","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and bothersomeness of urinary incontinence between 6 weeks and 1 year post-partum: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Moossdorff-Steinhauser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18315","article-title":"Association of delivery mode with pelvic floor disorders after childbirth","volume":"320","author":"Blomquist","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.01.037","article-title":"Long-term impact of mode of delivery on stress urinary incontinence and urgency urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"T\u00e4htinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib59","first-page":"CD006756","article-title":"Cesarean delivery for the prevention of anal incontinence","volume":"2010","author":"Nelson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2663-3","article-title":"Clustering of pelvic floor disorders 20 years after one vaginal or one cesarean birth","volume":"26","author":"Gyhagen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3827-8","article-title":"Delivery mode and the risk of levator muscle avulsion: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Friedman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12666","article-title":"The relationship between postpartum levator ani muscle avulsion and signs and symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"121","author":"van Delft","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.10132","article-title":"Prevalence of levator ani muscle injury in Chinese women after first delivery","volume":"39","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3609-3","article-title":"Does vaginal delivery cause more damage to the pelvic floor than cesarean section as determined by 3D ultrasound evaluation? A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"de Araujo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03152.x","article-title":"Impact of mode of delivery on levator morphology: a prospective observational study with three-dimensional ultrasound early in the postpartum period","volume":"119","author":"Albrich","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03869-1","article-title":"Contributing factors in forceps associated pelvic\u00a0floor trauma","volume":"31","author":"Caudwell-Hall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13103","article-title":"Intrapartum predictors of maternal levator ani injury","volume":"96","author":"Caudwell-Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16422","article-title":"Re: Green-top Guideline 26 \u2018Assisted vaginal birth.\u2019","volume":"127","author":"Dietz","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.684","article-title":"662: vacuum vs. forceps: a two-delivery cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"220","author":"Gallagher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00817-2","article-title":"Patterns of abnormal pudendal nerve function that are associated with postpartum fecal incontinence","volume":"189","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1104976","article-title":"Elastogenesis in the vaginal wall and pelvic-organ prolapse","volume":"364","author":"Connell","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e3181ed30d2","article-title":"Repetitive mechanical stretch increases extracellular collagenase activity in vaginal fibroblasts","volume":"16","author":"Zong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13005.x","article-title":"Pudendal nerve damage during labour: prospective study before and after childbirth","volume":"101","author":"Sultan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02928.x","article-title":"Effects of prolonged second stage, method of birth, timing of caesarean section and other obstetric risk factors on postnatal urinary incontinence: an Australian nulliparous cohort study","volume":"118","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2061-7","article-title":"Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Sangsawang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12184","article-title":"Morbidity experienced by women before and after operative vaginal delivery: prospective cohort study nested within a two-centre randomised controlled trial of restrictive versus routine use of episiotomy","volume":"120","author":"Macleod","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.01.004","article-title":"A\u00a0cohort study of maternal and neonatal morbidity in relation to use of sequential instruments at operative vaginal delivery","volume":"156","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-022-05145-1","article-title":"Mediolateral\/lateral episiotomy with operative vaginal delivery and the risk reduction of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Okeahialam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.005","article-title":"Operative vaginal delivery and post-partum infection","volume":"56","author":"Mohamed-Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib80","first-page":"789","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized comparison of assisted vaginal delivery by obstetric forceps and polyethylene vacuum cup","volume":"78","author":"Williams","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01961.x","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective cohort study of maternal and neonatal morbidity in relation to use of episiotomy at operative vaginal delivery","volume":"115","author":"Macleod","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.01.013","article-title":"Attempted operative vaginal delivery vs repeat cesarean in the second stage among women undergoing a trial of labor after cesarean delivery","volume":"216","author":"Son","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2016-0389","article-title":"Postpartum infection in relation to maternal characteristics, obstetric interventions and complications","volume":"46","author":"Axelsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30773-1","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics in the prevention of infection after operative vaginal delivery (ANODE): a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"393","author":"Knight","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198908000-00007","article-title":"Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of endomyometritis after forceps delivery","volume":"82","author":"Heitmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz169","article-title":"Association between antibiotic use and hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection in US acute care hospitals, 2006-2012: an ecologic analysis","volume":"70","author":"Kazakova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13186","article-title":"Risk factors and morbidity associated with suboptimal instrument placement at instrumental delivery: observational study nested within the instrumental delivery & ultrasound randomised controlled trial ISRCTN 72230496","volume":"122","author":"Ramphul","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.07.090","article-title":"Comparison of sequential use of forceps or spatulas versus cesarean section after failed vacuum delivery: neonatal and maternal outcome","volume":"206","author":"Chamagne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117309","article-title":"The effect of sequential use of vacuum and forceps for assisted vaginal delivery on neonatal and maternal outcomes","volume":"185","author":"Gardella","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib90","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal morbidity in relation to the instrument used to assist in mid-cavity rotational operative vaginal delivery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"97","author":"Venne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.06.033","article-title":"Decision-making in operative vaginal delivery: when to intervene, where to deliver and which instrument to use? Qualitative analysis of expert clinical practice","volume":"170","author":"Bahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.01463.x","article-title":"Cohort study of operative delivery in the second stage of labour and standard of obstetric care","volume":"110","author":"Murphy","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.02.008","article-title":"Predictors for failure of vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery: a case-control study","volume":"200","author":"Verhoeven","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13765","article-title":"Babies in occiput posterior position are significantly more likely to require an emergency cesarean birth compared with babies in occiput transverse position in the second stage of labor: a prospective observational study","volume":"99","author":"Tempest","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01105.x","article-title":"Malpresentations - impact on mode of delivery","volume":"90","author":"Gardberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000154889.47063.84","article-title":"Pushing Early or Pushing Late with Epidural study group. Effect of fetal position on second-stage duration and labor outcome","volume":"105","author":"Sen\u00e9cal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1057812","article-title":"Risk factors for failed vacuum extraction and associated complications in term newborn infants: a population-based cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Ahlberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12952","article-title":"Vacuum extraction in fetal macrosomia and risk of neonatal complications: a population-based cohort study","volume":"95","author":"\u00c5berg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.06.051","article-title":"Predictors of failed operative vaginal delivery: a single-center experience","volume":"197","author":"Ben-Haroush","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001273","article-title":"Predictors of failed operative vaginal delivery in a contemporary obstetric cohort","volume":"127","author":"Palatnik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01146-3","article-title":"Training and expertise in undertaking assisted vaginal delivery (AVD): a mixed methods systematic review of practitioners views and experiences","volume":"18","author":"Feeley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib102","first-page":"CD005455","article-title":"Instruments for assisted vaginal birth","volume":"9","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12398","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal morbidity in relation to the instrument used for mid-cavity rotational operative vaginal delivery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"120","author":"Bahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12199","article-title":"A\u00a0re-evaluation of the role of rotational forceps: retrospective comparison of maternal and perinatal outcomes following different methods of birth for malposition in the second stage of labour","volume":"120","author":"Tempest","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.03.031","article-title":"Rotational forceps versus manual rotation and direct forceps: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"212","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.06.018","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality associated with forceps and vacuum delivery at outlet, low, and midpelvic station","volume":"41","author":"Muraca","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"issue":"Suppl8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-2315(08)74760-4","article-title":"Spatulas: description, obstetrical mechanics, indications and contra-indications","volume":"37","author":"Simon-Toulza","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13681","article-title":"Spatulas for operative vaginal birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Grillo-Ardila","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.03.024","article-title":"Spatula-assisted deliveries: a large cohort of 1065 cases","volume":"151","author":"Boucoiran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.12.057","article-title":"Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes after forceps or spatulas-assisted delivery","volume":"258","author":"Lebraud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2019.02.001","article-title":"Nontechnical skills and decision making in operative vaginal delivery","volume":"56","author":"Kirk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attilakos G, Draycott T, Gale A, Siassakos D, Winter C, editors. ROBuST: RCOG operative birth simulation training. Cambridge University Press; 2013.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107445154"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13127","article-title":"Third- and fourth-degree tears: a review of the current evidence for prevention and management","volume":"60","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12560","article-title":"Operative vaginal birth: better training for better outcomes","volume":"121","author":"Gale","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7451.1302","article-title":"Forceps delivery in modern obstetric practice","volume":"328","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001612","article-title":"Forceps, simulation, and social media","volume":"128","author":"Deering","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14391","article-title":"Not all training for obstetric emergencies is equal, or effective","volume":"124","author":"Draycott","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-018-0485-8","article-title":"Odon device for instrumental vaginal deliveries: results of a medical device pilot clinical study","volume":"15","author":"Schvartzman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"Suppl4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14758","article-title":"Design and development of the BD Odon DeviceTM: a human factors evaluation process","volume":"124","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"Suppl4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14759","article-title":"Fetal head position and perineal distension associated with the use of the BD Odon DeviceTM in operative vaginal birth: a simulation study","volume":"124","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"Suppl4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14760","article-title":"Pressure and traction on a model fetal head and neck associated with the use of forceps, KiwiTM ventouse and the BD Odon DeviceTM in operative vaginal birth: a simulation study","volume":"124","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"Suppl4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14751","article-title":"Assessment of cerebral perfusion with contrast-enhanced ultrasound during constriction of the neck mimicking malposition of the BD Odon DeviceTM: a study in newborn piglets","volume":"124","author":"de Lange","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3249-z","article-title":"The ASSIST Study - the BD Odon Device for assisted vaginal birth: a safety and feasibility study","volume":"20","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.12.017","article-title":"Outcomes of the novel Odon Device in indicated operative vaginal birth","volume":"224","author":"Hotton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5858","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1897784","article-title":"Assisted vaginal birth with the Odon DeviceTM","volume":"35","author":"Mottet","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib126","unstructured":"Hotton E, Elhodaiby M, Rose C, et\u00a0al. The Odon Device for assisted vaginal birth \u2013 the ASSIST II study. In: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists World Congress; 2022. Availabale at: https:\/\/epostersonline.com\/rcog2022\/node\/4995. Accessed January 10, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.11.114","article-title":"The Odon Device for assisted vaginal birth - update from the Besancon ASSIST study","volume":"270","author":"Mottet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib128","author":"Mobbs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057023","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of the Odon Device to assist vaginal birth and participation in intrapartum research: a qualitative study in a maternity unit in the Southwest of England","volume":"11","author":"Hotton","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937822025832?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937822025832?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:55:12Z","timestamp":1757591712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937822025832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937822025832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assisted vaginal birth in 21st century: current practice and new innovations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.305","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}