{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:31:06Z","timestamp":1768001466199,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":362,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004571","name":"Minist\u00e8re des Affaires Sociales et de la Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004571","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006022","name":"French Government Ministry of Social Affairs Health and Womens Rights","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PHRC-R AOR 15032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHRC-R AOR 15032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T21:46:14Z","timestamp":1690321574000},"page":"528.e1-528.e17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Moderate or intensive management of the active phase of second-stage labor and risk of urinary and anal incontinence: results of the PASST randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2438-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ninon","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-C\u00e9cile","family":"Pizzoferrato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Garabedian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Rozenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Kayem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Mandelbrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Doret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elie","family":"Azria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Victoire","family":"S\u00e9nat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Ceccaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Seco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Chantry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Le Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04644-3","article-title":"Urinary incontinence\u00a06 weeks to 1 year post-partum: prevalence, experience of bother, beliefs, and help-seeking behavior","volume":"32","author":"Moossdorff-Steinhauser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00721.x","article-title":"Faecal incontinence and mode of first and subsequent delivery: a six-year longitudinal study","volume":"112","author":"MacArthur","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18315","article-title":"Association of delivery mode with pelvic floor disorders after childbirth","volume":"320","author":"Blomquist","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182267f2f","article-title":"Pelvic floor disorders 5-10 years after vaginal or Cesarean childbirth","volume":"118","author":"Handa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib5","first-page":"350","article-title":"Parturition and urinary incontinence in primiparas","volume":"97","author":"Farrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib6","first-page":"419","article-title":"Anal incontinence and obstetrical anal sphincter injuries, epidemiology and prevention","volume":"46","author":"Fritel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13005.x","article-title":"Pudendal nerve damage during labour: prospective study before and after childbirth","volume":"101","author":"Sultan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.01.023","article-title":"On the management of maternal pushing during the second stage of labor: a biomechanical study considering passive tissue fatigue damage accumulation","volume":"227","author":"Vila Pouca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.02.020","article-title":"Impact of pushing timing on occult injury of levator ani: secondary analysis of a randomized trial","volume":"226","author":"Gregory","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.07.025","article-title":"Alternative to intensive management of the active phase of the second stage of labor: a multicenter randomized trial (Phase Active du Second STade trial) among nulliparous women with an epidural","volume":"227","author":"Le Ray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib11","first-page":"S101","article-title":"Methods of fetal surveillance during labor","volume":"37","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6576","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1918089","article-title":"Normal delivery: physiologic support and medical interventions. Guidelines of the French National Authority for Health (HAS) with the collaboration of the French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF) and the French College of Midwives (CNSF)","volume":"35","author":"Petitprez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20041","article-title":"ICIQ: A brief and robust measure for evaluating the symptoms and impact of urinary incontinence","volume":"23","author":"Avery","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib15","unstructured":"Abrams P, Cardozo L, Wagg A, Wein A. Incontinence. 6th ed. Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: International Continence Society;\u00a02017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12852","article-title":"The impact of urinary incontinence on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a real-world population of women aged 45-60 years: results from a survey in France, Germany, the UK and the USA","volume":"115","author":"Abrams","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050307","article-title":"Etiology and management of fecal incontinence","volume":"36","author":"Jorge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-04134-1","article-title":"Wexner score and quality of life in women with obstetric anal sphincter injury","volume":"31","author":"Jang\u00f6","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-018-1770-9","article-title":"Outcomes of primary anal sphincter repair after obstetric injury and evaluation of a novel three-choice assessment","volume":"22","author":"Kuismanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000012","article-title":"Postpartum pelvic floor muscle training and urinary incontinence: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"122","author":"Hilde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318242b1f7","article-title":"Fecal incontinence during the first 12 months postpartum: complex causal pathways and implications for clinical practice","volume":"119","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11346-x","article-title":"Anal incontinence after a prolonged second stage of labor in primiparous women","volume":"12","author":"Bergendahl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00818.x","article-title":"Persistent urinary incontinence and delivery mode history: a six-year longitudinal study","volume":"113","author":"MacArthur","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12689","article-title":"Anal incontinence among first time mothers - what happens in pregnancy and the first year after delivery?","volume":"94","author":"Johannessen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5520","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1887122","article-title":"Prolonged second stage effect on pelvic floor dysfunction: a follow up survey to a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Gimovsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16075","article-title":"Postpartum psychological distress associated with anal incontinence in the EDEN mother\u2013child cohort","volume":"127","author":"Fritel","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.12.028","article-title":"Association of postpartum depressive symptoms and urinary incontinence. A cohort study","volume":"198","author":"Fritel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20674","article-title":"Comparison of two questionnaires for assessing the severity of urinary incontinence: The ICIQ-UI SF versus the incontinence severity index","volume":"28","author":"Klovning","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.02.025","article-title":"Anal incontinence severity assessment tools used worldwide","volume":"126","author":"Rusavy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2019.08.004","article-title":"Perineal pain the first year after childbirth and uptake of post-partum check-up- a Swedish cohort study","volume":"78","author":"\u00c5hlund","year":"2019","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2015.04.003","article-title":"D\u00e9chirures p\u00e9rin\u00e9ales post-obst\u00e9tricales s\u00e9v\u00e8res: cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 moyen terme sur la qualit\u00e9 de vie des femmes","volume":"25","author":"Pizzoferrato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181d04dff","article-title":"Pelvic Floor Research Group (Grup de Recerca del S\u00f2l Pelvi\u00e0; GRESP). Urinary and anal incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum: incidence, severity, and risk factors","volume":"115","author":"Solans-Dom\u00e8nech","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgyn.2015.09.017","article-title":"Post-partum: guidelines for clinical practice\u2013short text","volume":"44","author":"S\u00e9nat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12283","article-title":"Obstetric anal sphincter injury and anal incontinence following vaginal birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"LaCross","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2015.06.002","article-title":"Prise en charge de l\u2019incontinence anale du post-partum: revue de la litt\u00e9rature","volume":"25","author":"Villot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034_bib36","first-page":"678","article-title":"Obstetric practice and faecal incontinence three\u00a0months after delivery","volume":"108","author":"MacArthur","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJOG"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937823005069?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937823005069?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:37:00Z","timestamp":1762079820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937823005069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937823005069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Moderate or intensive management of the active phase of second-stage labor and risk of urinary and anal incontinence: results of the PASST randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}