{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:04:41Z","timestamp":1793235881351,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01DA055347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01DA055347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K23DA047476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K23DA047476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01TR003719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01TR003719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018148","name":"Heron Therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018148","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3CA261067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3CA261067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH134538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH134538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004139","name":"Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006520","name":"Edwards Lifesciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020068","name":"Benter Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013331","name":"American Society of Anesthesiologists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002575","name":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002575","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajog.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T16:31:33Z","timestamp":1741710693000},"page":"B1-B29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Consensus statement on pain management for pregnant patients with opioid use disorder from the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Grace","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald B.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad M.","family":"Brummett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian H.Y.","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Osmundson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britany","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Richebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke","family":"Soens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishka","family":"Terplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006280","article-title":"Caring for our patients with opioid use disorder in the perioperative period: a guide for the anesthesiologist","volume":"137","author":"Barreveld","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002235","article-title":"Committee opinion no. 711: opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy","volume":"130","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002683","volume":"132","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006167","article-title":"A systematic scoping review of peridelivery pain management for pregnant people with opioid use disorder: from the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology and Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine","volume":"135","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000312","article-title":"Further evolution of the ACC\/AHA clinical practice guideline recommendation classification system: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice guidelines","volume":"133","author":"Halperin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.04.001","article-title":"Management of women treated with buprenorphine during pregnancy","volume":"205","author":"Alto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2012.696168","article-title":"Co-occurring psychiatric symptoms in opioid-dependent women: the prevalence of antenatal and postnatal depression","volume":"38","author":"Holbrook","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.12.014","article-title":"Maternal opioid use disorder at delivery hospitalization in a rural state: Maine, 2009\u20132018","volume":"181","author":"Gabrielson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490902772975","article-title":"Psychopharmacologic management of opioid-dependent women during pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5783817","article-title":"Predictors for moderate to severe acute postoperative pain after Cesarean section","volume":"2016","author":"Borges","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200603000-00007","article-title":"Multifactorial preoperative predictors for postcesarean section pain and analgesic requirement","volume":"104","author":"Pan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181aae87a","article-title":"Predictors of postoperative pain and analgesic consumption: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"111","author":"Ip","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.022","volume":"221","author":"Ecker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2019.01.004","article-title":"Anesthesia considerations and post-operative pain management in pregnant women with chronic opioid use","volume":"43","author":"Soens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002928","article-title":"757 summary: screening for perinatal depression","volume":"132","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990903125235","article-title":"Smoking in pregnant women screened for an opioid agonist medication study compared to related pregnant and non-pregnant patient samples","volume":"35","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002696","article-title":"Perioperative management and implementation of enhanced recovery programs in gynecologic surgery for benign indications","volume":"132","author":"Carey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2020.07.006","article-title":"Patient and procedural risk factors for increased postoperative pain after cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia: a retrospective study","volume":"44","author":"Mehdiratta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001313","article-title":"Patterns of recovery from pain after cesarean delivery","volume":"159","author":"Booth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.08.039","article-title":"Inpatient opioid use after vaginal delivery","volume":"219","author":"Badreldin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib21","first-page":"883","article-title":"ACOG committee opinion. Number 316, October 2005. Smoking cessation during pregnancy","volume":"106","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0403200406","article-title":"Challenges that opioid-dependent women present to the obstetric anaesthetist","volume":"32","author":"Cassidy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e249","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003128","article-title":"ACOG committee opinion no. 771: umbilical cord blood banking","volume":"133","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01651.x","article-title":"Methadone in pregnancy: treatment retention and neonatal outcomes","volume":"102","author":"Burns","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib25","article-title":"Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence","volume":"2009","author":"Mattick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000275288.47258.e0","article-title":"Intrapartum and postpartum analgesia for women maintained on methadone during pregnancy","volume":"110","author":"Meyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.03.002","article-title":"Intrapartum and postpartum analgesia for women maintained on buprenorphine during pregnancy","volume":"14","author":"Meyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000339","article-title":"Comparison of post-cesarean section opioid analgesic requirements in women with opioid use disorder treated with methadone or buprenorphine","volume":"11","author":"Vilkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160290","article-title":"Caring for patients with opioid use disorder in the hospital. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l\u2019association medicale canadienne","volume":"188","author":"Donroe","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00168-E","article-title":"Acute pain management in patients with prior opioid consumption: a case-controlled retrospective review","volume":"61","author":"Rapp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00010","article-title":"Acute pain management for patients receiving maintenance methadone or buprenorphine therapy","volume":"144","author":"Alford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib32","series-title":"Guidelines for the psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005359","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome after methadone or buprenorphine exposure","volume":"363","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203318","article-title":"Buprenorphine versus methadone for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy","volume":"387","author":"Suarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.08.030","article-title":"National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal-Medicine Units. Temporal changes in drug metabolism (CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A Activity) during pregnancy","volume":"192","author":"Tracy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(20)30008-0","article-title":"Altered methadone pharmacokinetics in pregnancy: implications for dosing","volume":"1","author":"Swift","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21130-2","article-title":"Altered methadone pharmacokinetics in methadone-maintained pregnant women","volume":"233","author":"Pond","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1987.47","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone in patients with chronic pain","volume":"41","author":"Inturrisi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/J354v19n04_05","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of methadone","volume":"19","author":"Lugo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.06.029","article-title":"An evidence-based recommendation to increase the dosing frequency of buprenorphine during pregnancy","volume":"217","author":"Caritis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"64","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib41","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Dose-adjusted plasma concentrations of sublingual buprenorphine are lower during than after pregnancy","volume":"216","author":"Bastian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.035","article-title":"Buprenorphine maintenance and mu-opioid receptor availability in the treatment of opioid use disorder: implications for clinical use and policy","volume":"144","author":"Greenwald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22067-5","article-title":"Butorphanol-precipitated withdrawal in opioid-dependent human volunteers","volume":"246","author":"Preston","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109905","article-title":"Pain outcomes among patients after cesarean consuming buprenorphine or methadone and opioid-na\u00efve patients","volume":"65","author":"Wendling","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"The ASAM national practice guideline for the treatment of opioid use disorder: 2020 focused update","volume":"14","author":"Cunningham","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03811.x","article-title":"Naltrexone in the treatment of opioid-dependent pregnant women: the case for a considered and measured approach to research","volume":"108","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003477","article-title":"Opioid use disorders: perioperative management of a special population","volume":"127","author":"Ward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100909","article-title":"Depot naltrexone: long-lasting antagonism of the effects of heroin in humans","volume":"159","author":"Comer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000000573","article-title":"Perioperative pain management of a patient taking naltrexone HCl\/bupropion HCl (Contrave): a case report","volume":"9","author":"Ninh","year":"2017","journal-title":"A A Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318256496e","article-title":"ACOG committee opinion no. 524: opioid abuse, dependence, and addiction in pregnancy","volume":"119","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.12.011","article-title":"Discontinuation of buprenorphine maintenance therapy: perspectives and outcomes","volume":"52","author":"Bentzley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3552(98)80077-1","article-title":"The substance-abusing parturient: implications for analgesia and anaesthesia management","volume":"12","author":"Birnbach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e3282f1bf17","article-title":"The effects of drug abuse on pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"Kuczkowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.09.029","article-title":"Associations between postpartum pain type, pain intensity and opioid use in patients with and without opioid use disorder: a cross-sectional study","volume":"130","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.08.008","article-title":"Peripartum pain management in opioid dependent women","volume":"16","author":"H\u00f6flich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2004.00221.x","article-title":"Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies associated with illicit substance abuse","volume":"44","author":"Ludlow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/65.3.330","article-title":"Extradural methadone and bupivacaine in labour","volume":"65","author":"Martin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181b55e65","article-title":"Epidural analgesia in the latent phase of labor and the risk of cesarean delivery: a five-year randomized controlled trial","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042573","article-title":"The risk of cesarean delivery with neuraxial analgesia given early versus late in labor","volume":"352","author":"Wong","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000288","article-title":"Peripartum anesthetic management of the opioid-tolerant or buprenorphine\/Suboxone-dependent patient","volume":"60","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002182","article-title":"A review of the impact of obstetric anesthesia on maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"129","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2018.04.002","article-title":"Perioperative considerations for the patient with opioid use disorder on buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone maintenance therapy","volume":"36","author":"Harrison","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002498","article-title":"Case series of successful postoperative pain management in buprenorphine maintenance therapy patients","volume":"125","author":"Leighton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib64","unstructured":"Society for Obstetric Anesthesiology Centers of Excellence. Available at: https:\/\/www.soap.org\/centers-of-excellence_program. Accessed October 18, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-013-9981-z","article-title":"The effect of low concentrations versus high concentrations of local anesthetics for labour analgesia on obstetric and anesthetic outcomes: a meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Sultan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16134","article-title":"Obstetric pain management for pregnant women with opioid use disorder: a qualitative and quantitative comparison of patient and provider perspectives (QUEST study)","volume":"118","author":"Nowakowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199710000-00011","article-title":"Epidural epinephrine and clonidine: segmental analgesia and effects on different pain modalities","volume":"87","author":"Curatolo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib68","first-page":"273","article-title":"Marked variability in peri-partum anesthetic management of patients on buprenorphine maintenance therapy (BMT): can there be an underlying acute opioid induced hyperalgesia precipitated by neuraxial opioids in BMT patients?","volume":"22","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Middle East J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2018.01.001","article-title":"Use of epidural clonidine for the management of analgesia in the opioid addicted parturient on buprenorphine maintenance therapy: an observational study","volume":"34","author":"Hoyt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.01.011","article-title":"Post-cesarean delivery pain. Management of the opioid-dependent patient before, during and after cesarean delivery","volume":"39","author":"Landau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200206000-00044","article-title":"Epinephrine markedly improves thoracic epidural analgesia produced by a small-dose infusion of ropivacaine, fentanyl, and epinephrine after major thoracic or abdominal surgery: a randomized, double-blinded crossover study with and without epinephrine","volume":"94","author":"Niemi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S197431","article-title":"Comparison of dexmedetomidine and sufentanil as adjuvants to local anesthetic for epidural labor analgesia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12635","article-title":"Initiating intrapartum nitrous oxide in an academic hospital: considerations and challenges","volume":"62","author":"Migliaccio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib74","unstructured":"Rollins MDA, KW, Carvalho B, Vallejo M, Zakowski M. Nitrous oxide. ASA committee on obstetric anesthesia working group; 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.asahq.org\/about-asa\/governance-and-committees\/asa-committees\/committee-on-obstetric-anesthesia\/nitrous-oxide?&ct=0f34da2e87bae5d679d5fdc0fd84ec490bb6735b3de963c7fd6ab59ceab41c89ba65a405e20b89e04321980f794d89d7ee0977df581b8678d566a259bbaee8af. Accessed July 21, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib75","unstructured":"Use of nitrous oxide in labor and possible interaction with systemic opioids or sedatives\/hypnotics; 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.acog.org\/clinical\/clinical-guidance\/practice-advisory\/articles\/2021\/07\/use-of-nitrous-oxide-in-labor-and-possible-interaction-with-systemic-opioids-or-sedatives-hypnotics. Accessed July 21, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13602","article-title":"Remifentanil tolerance and hyperalgesia: short-term gain, long-term pain?","volume":"71","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1053\/j.trap.2015.10.018","article-title":"Analgesia for the parturient with chronic nonmalignant pain","volume":"18","author":"Souzdalnitski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib78","first-page":"CD009200","article-title":"Local anaesthetic nerve block for pain management in labour","volume":"2012","author":"Novikova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005257","article-title":"Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology: consensus statement and recommendations for enhanced recovery after Cesarean","volume":"132","author":"Bollag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004517","article-title":"Pharmacologic stepwise multimodal approach for postpartum pain management: ACOG clinical consensus no. 1","volume":"138","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73693-8_85","article-title":"Naloxone reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression with special emphasis on the partial agonist\/antagonist buprenorphine","volume":"605","author":"Sarton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.09.010","article-title":"Optimal pain management after Cesarean delivery","volume":"35","author":"Sutton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001633","article-title":"To stop or not, that is the question: acute pain management for the patient on chronic buprenorphine","volume":"126","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200411000-00011","article-title":"Management of perioperative pain in patients chronically consuming opioids","volume":"29","author":"Carroll","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7534.132","article-title":"Naltrexone and problems in pain management","volume":"332","author":"Vickers","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002492","article-title":"Analgesic Effects of hydromorphone versus buprenorphine in buprenorphine-maintained Individuals","volume":"130","author":"Huhn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490600626721","article-title":"Post-cesarean pain management of patients maintained on methadone or buprenorphine","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990902825413","article-title":"Management of acute postpartum pain in patients maintained on methadone or buprenorphine during pregnancy","volume":"35","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1304100212","article-title":"Pain relief and opioid requirements in the first 24 hours after surgery in patients taking buprenorphine and methadone opioid substitution therapy","volume":"41","author":"Macintyre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.11.086","article-title":"Efficacy and adverse effects of buprenorphine in acute pain management: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"120","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-018-1255-3","article-title":"The perioperative patient on buprenorphine: a systematic review of perioperative management strategies and patient outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Goel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00110-X","article-title":"Buprenorphine-induced changes in mu-opioid receptor availability in male heroin-dependent volunteers: a preliminary study","volume":"23","author":"Zubieta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300251","article-title":"Effects of buprenorphine maintenance dose on mu-opioid receptor availability, plasma concentrations, and antagonist blockade in heroin-dependent volunteers","volume":"28","author":"Greenwald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e31820aecd4","article-title":"Perioperative implications of buprenorphine maintenance treatment for opioid addiction","volume":"49","author":"Gevirtz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2021-103092","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder in the perioperative setting","volume":"46","author":"Kohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.101025","article-title":"A comparison of postpartum opioid consumption and opioid discharge prescriptions among opioid-naive patients and those with opioid use disorder","volume":"5","author":"Holland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000590","article-title":"The opioid epidemic and pregnancy: implications for anesthetic care","volume":"31","author":"Raymond","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-013-0084-7","article-title":"Brief review: obstetric care and perioperative analgesic management of the addicted patient","volume":"61","author":"Buckley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.05.001","article-title":"Treatment of perinatal opioid use disorder","volume":"45","author":"Boyars","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.04.043","article-title":"Buprenorphine duration of action: mu-opioid receptor availability and pharmacokinetic and behavioral indices","volume":"61","author":"Greenwald","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib101","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Buprenorphine formulations: clinical best practice strategies recommendations for perioperative management of patients undergoing surgical or interventional pain procedures","volume":"21","author":"Jonan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2010.09.013","article-title":"Postpartum analgesia with dexmedetomidine in opioid tolerance during pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Wasiluk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9952","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27619-3","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine added to sufentanil patient-controlled intravenous analgesia relieves the postoperative pain after cesarean delivery: a prospective randomized controlled multicenter study","volume":"8","author":"Nie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002542","article-title":"The effect of adding subarachnoid epinephrine to hyperbaric bupivacaine and morphine for repeat cesarean delivery: a double-blind prospective randomized control trial","volume":"127","author":"Katz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200402000-00030","article-title":"Epidural neostigmine produces analgesia but also sedation in women after cesarean delivery","volume":"100","author":"Kaya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2015.05.002","article-title":"A systematic review of the effects of adding neostigmine to local anesthetics for neuraxial administration in obstetric anesthesia and analgesia","volume":"24","author":"Cossu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aco.0000192813.38236.99","article-title":"Perioperative management of chronic pain patients with opioid dependency","volume":"19","author":"Brill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.01.003","article-title":"Postcesarean delivery analgesia","volume":"31","author":"Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.13350.1","article-title":"Management of eight labor and delivery patients dependent on buprenorphine (Subutex\u2122): a retrospective chart review","volume":"7","author":"Tith","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200512000-00025","article-title":"Does multimodal analgesia with acetaminophen, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and patient-controlled analgesia morphine offer advantages over morphine alone? Meta-analyses of randomized trials","volume":"103","author":"Elia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000177099.28914.A7","article-title":"The changing role of non-opioid analgesic techniques in the management of postoperative pain","volume":"101","author":"White","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib112","first-page":"CD004233","article-title":"Single dose oral celecoxib for postoperative pain","volume":"2","author":"Barden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200207000-00030","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase inhibition for postoperative analgesia","volume":"95","author":"McCrory","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200311000-00029","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in postoperative pain management: current evidence and future directions","volume":"99","author":"Gilron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200104000-00038","article-title":"The effect of intravenous ketorolac on opioid requirement and pain after cesarean delivery","volume":"92","author":"Pavy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000460","article-title":"The analgesic efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) in patients undergoing cesarean deliveries: a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00614.x","article-title":"Reduction of opioid-related adverse events using opioid-sparing analgesia with COX-2 inhibitors lacks documentation: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"R\u00f8msing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq406","article-title":"Paracetamol and selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the reduction in morphine-related side-effects after major surgery: a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Maund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12380","article-title":"Adverse effects of perioperative paracetamol, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, gabapentinoids and their combinations: a topical review","volume":"58","author":"Mathiesen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/88.2.199","article-title":"Comparative effect of paracetamol, NSAIDs or their combination in postoperative pain management: a qualitative review","volume":"88","author":"Hyllested","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2015.03.006","article-title":"Scheduled acetaminophen with as-needed opioids compared to as-needed acetaminophen plus opioids for post-cesarean pain management","volume":"24","author":"Valentine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.04.030","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of intravenous acetaminophen for postcesarean delivery pain control","volume":"217","author":"Altenau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1735337","article-title":"The analgesic efficacy of IV acetaminophen for acute postoperative pain in C-section patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"35","author":"Bernstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181cf9281","article-title":"Combining paracetamol (acetaminophen) with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: a qualitative systematic review of analgesic efficacy for acute postoperative pain","volume":"110","author":"Ong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000166","article-title":"American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) national practice guideline for the use of medications in the treatment of addiction involving opioid use","volume":"9","author":"Kampman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.05.002","article-title":"Changes in methadone maintenance therapy during and after pregnancy","volume":"41","author":"Albright","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002054","volume":"130","author":"Reddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02283.x","article-title":"Treating pregnant women dependent on opioids is not the same as treating pregnancy and opioid dependence: a knowledge synthesis for better treatment for women and neonates","volume":"103","author":"Winklbaur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181e9092d","article-title":"Ketamine for managing perioperative pain in opioid-dependent patients with chronic pain: a unique indication?","volume":"113","author":"Angst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2021.103170","article-title":"Low-dose ketamine infusion for post-cesarean delivery analgesia in patients with opioid use disorder","volume":"47","author":"Cobb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib131","first-page":"135","article-title":"Impact of ketamine on pain management in Cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.02.009","article-title":"Ketamine administered to pregnant rats in the second trimester causes long-lasting behavioral disorders in offspring","volume":"68","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.21119","article-title":"Ketamine affects the neurogenesis of rat fetal neural stem progenitor cells via the PI3K\/Akt-p27 signaling pathway","volume":"101","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00138","article-title":"Effects of perinatal exposure to ketamine on the developing brain","volume":"13","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181fdf5ee","article-title":"Gabapentin improves postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"112","author":"Moore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000722","article-title":"A perioperative course of gabapentin does not produce a clinically meaningful improvement in analgesia after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Monks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.11.026","article-title":"Perioperative gabapentin and post cesarean pain control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"233","author":"Felder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib139","first-page":"237","article-title":"The analgesic effects of perioperative gabapentin on postoperative pain: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Hurley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu293","article-title":"Impact of pregabalin on acute and persistent postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Mishriky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003428","article-title":"Perioperative use of gabapentinoids for the management of postoperative acute pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"133","author":"Verret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.31647","article-title":"Association of gabapentinoids with the risk of opioid-related adverse events in surgical patients in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Bykov","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110600","article-title":"Post-cesarean gabapentin is not associated with lower opioid consumption or pain scores in women on chronic buprenorphine therapy: a 10-year retrospective cohort study","volume":"77","author":"Ende","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334406293421","article-title":"Gabapentin and breastfeeding: a case report","volume":"22","author":"Kristensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)00014-7","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug therapy in pregnancy II: fetal and neonatal exposure","volume":"83","author":"Hovinga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2018.29087.ejm","article-title":"ABM clinical protocol #28, peripartum analgesia and anesthesia for the breastfeeding mother","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001626","article-title":"The analgesic efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone for post-caesarean pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-023-03183-7","article-title":"Efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone on postoperative pain after caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia with an intrathecal long-acting opioid: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Kamimura","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes431","article-title":"Impact of perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative analgesia and side-effects: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Waldron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib150","article-title":"Dexamethasone as an analgesic adjunct for postcesarean delivery pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2021","author":"Mehdiratta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2018.03.008","article-title":"The effect of a single intraoperative dose of intravenous dexamethasone 8 mg on post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Ituk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.06.006","article-title":"Impact of intra-operative dexamethasone after scheduled cesarean delivery: a retrospective study","volume":"41","author":"Nanji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.194537","article-title":"To study the efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone in prolonging the duration of spinal anesthesia in elective Cesarean section","volume":"11","author":"Shalu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002648","article-title":"The analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block after cesarean delivery: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"126","author":"Krohg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01309-6","article-title":"Bilateral posterior quadratus lumborum block for pain relief after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Pangthipampai","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.06.008","article-title":"A triple-blinded randomized trial comparing spinal morphine with posterior quadratus lumborum block after cesarean section","volume":"40","author":"Tamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.109667","article-title":"The addition of lateral quadratus lumborum block to a multimodal analgesic regimen that includes intrathecal morphine is associated with a longer time to first analgesic request for elective cesarean section","volume":"61","author":"Roda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14881","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1474872","article-title":"Continuous local bupivacaine wound infusion with neuraxial morphine reduces opioid consumption after cesarean delivery","volume":"32","author":"Zaretsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib160","first-page":"821","article-title":"Efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postcesarean section delivery analgesia\u2014a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study","volume":"20","author":"Baaj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Middle East J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep235","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after Caesarean delivery","volume":"103","author":"Belavy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_61_19","article-title":"Comparison of transversus abdominis plane block and quadratus lumborum block for post-caesarean section analgesia: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"63","author":"Verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15160","article-title":"Quadratus lumborum block vs. transversus abdominis plane block for caesarean delivery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"El-Boghdadly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2020.02.005","article-title":"Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32834f015f","article-title":"A randomised trial of the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block after caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia","volume":"29","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000462","article-title":"Local anaesthetic wound infiltration for postcaesarean section analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Adesope","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-020-01818-x","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block compared with wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia following Cesarean delivery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Sultan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181d22fcd","article-title":"ASRA practice advisory on local anesthetic systemic toxicity","volume":"35","author":"Neal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-018-0512-x","article-title":"Role of ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block as a component of multimodal analgesic regimen for lower segment caesarean section: a randomized double blind clinical study","volume":"18","author":"Jadon","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103971","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block versus continuous wound infusion for post-caesarean analgesia: a randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"Chandon","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-354X.154732","article-title":"Efficacy of trans abdominis plane block for post cesarean delivery analgesia: a double-blind, randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"Srivastava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13028","article-title":"Association of mood and anxiety disorders and opioid prescription patterns among postpartum women","volume":"29","author":"Nidey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib173","article-title":"Complementary and alternative therapies for post-caesarean pain","volume":"9","author":"Zimpel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.691","article-title":"Postpartum mood and anxiety disorders: a guide for the nonpsychiatric clinician with an aside on thyroid associations with postpartum mood","volume":"9","author":"Pedersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1994.10472262","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders in opioid-dependent patients","volume":"26","author":"Nunes","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003887","article-title":"Side effect rates of opioids in equianalgesic doses via intravenous patient-controlled analgesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Dinges","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098617744161","article-title":"Naloxone dosage for opioid reversal: current evidence and clinical implications","volume":"9","author":"Rzasa Lynn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2017.06.026","article-title":"No 349 \u2013 consommation de substances psychoactives pendant la grossesse","volume":"39","author":"Ordean","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2018.1462701","article-title":"Transdermal buprenorphine for moderate chronic noncancer pain syndromes","volume":"18","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004195","article-title":"Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology consensus statement: monitoring recommendations for prevention and detection of respiratory depression associated with administration of neuraxial morphine for Cesarean delivery analgesia","volume":"129","author":"Bauchat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937824011839?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002937824011839?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T22:33:35Z","timestamp":1761431615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002937824011839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":179,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002937824011839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9378","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Consensus statement on pain management for pregnant patients with opioid use disorder from the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc and International Anesthesia Research Society. Published by Elsevier Inc and by Wolters Kluwer Health on behalf of International Anesthesia Research Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}