{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:02:22Z","timestamp":1780390942984,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajogmfm.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T12:14:29Z","timestamp":1574424869000},"page":"100073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of Antibiotic Treatment of Amniotic Fluid Sludge"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3292-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan D.","family":"Cuff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2830-8181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalea","family":"Taam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Bruner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7174-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Patwardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2422-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger B.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene Y.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1154-6837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott A.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-S1-S2","article-title":"Born too soon: the global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births","volume":"10","author":"Blencowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2015.12.011","article-title":"The epidemiology, etiology, and costs of preterm birth","volume":"21","author":"Frey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: Final Data for 2017","volume":"67","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: Final Data for 2014. National vital statistics reports: from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics","volume":"64","author":"Hamilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"National Vital Statistics System"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12807","article-title":"Sludge reflects intra-amniotic inflammation with or without microorganisms","volume":"79","author":"Yoneda","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5173","article-title":"What is amniotic fluid 'sludge'?","volume":"30","author":"Romero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.11.026","article-title":"Detection of a microbial biofilm in intraamniotic infection","volume":"198","author":"Romero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1871","article-title":"The prevalence and clinical significance of amniotic fluid \u2018sludge\u2019 in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"25","author":"Espinoza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2006.002","article-title":"A\u00a0sonographic short cervix as the only clinical manifestation of intra-amniotic infection","volume":"34","author":"Hassan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of perinatal medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walter Ventura Conny Nazario Jaime Ingar Erasmo Huertas Oscar L, Walter C. Risk of Impending Preterm Delivery Associated with the Presence of Amniotic Fluid Sludge in Women in Preterm Labor with Intact Membranes. In:2011.","DOI":"10.1159\/000325461"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.4081","article-title":"Clinical significance of the presence of amniotic fluid 'sludge' in asymptomatic patients at high risk for spontaneous preterm delivery","volume":"30","author":"Kusanovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.18960","article-title":"Cervical funneling or intra-amniotic debris and preterm birth in nulliparous women with midtrimester cervical length less than 30 mm","volume":"52","author":"Saade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.947575","article-title":"Impact of amniotic fluid \u201csludge\u201d on the risk of preterm delivery","volume":"28","author":"Fuchs","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13603","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment for patients with amniotic fluid \u201csludge\u201d to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: A historically controlled observational study","author":"Hatanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2015.12.005","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of genital Mycoplasmas among a group of pregnant women","volume":"52","author":"Rahman SAM HR","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alexandria Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.126203","article-title":"Preterm premature rupture of the membranes is associated with a reduction in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"187","author":"Sims","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-003-7070-y","article-title":"Amniotic infection syndrome: nosology and reproducibility of placental reaction patterns","volume":"6","author":"Redline","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatric and developmental pathology : the official journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)32108-9","article-title":"Intra-amniotic sludge, short cervix, and risk of preterm delivery","volume":"28","author":"Bujold","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90038-3","article-title":"Ultrasound diagnosis of meconium-stained amniotic fluid","volume":"149","author":"Benacerraf","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib20","first-page":"819","article-title":"Sonographically homogeneous echogenic amniotic fluid in detecting meconium-stained amniotic fluid","volume":"78","author":"Sherer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870140316","article-title":"Ultrasound appearance of particulate matter in amniotic cavity: vernix or meconium?","volume":"14","author":"DeVore","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of clinical ultrasound: JCU"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031819","article-title":"Acute histologic chorioamnionitis at term: nearly always noninfectious","volume":"7","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib23","article-title":"Antibiotics for ureaplasma in the vagina in pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Raynes Greenow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.141","article-title":"Maternal and transplacental pharmacokinetics of azithromycin","volume":"188","author":"Ramsey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933319301132?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933319301132?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T23:45:41Z","timestamp":1762904741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589933319301132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589933319301132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-9333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of Antibiotic Treatment of Amniotic Fluid Sludge","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100073","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100073"}}