{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:26:37Z","timestamp":1791894397566,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajogmfm.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T03:53:01Z","timestamp":1595303581000},"page":"100185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Evidence-based labor management: first stage of\u00a0labor (part 3)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1257-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leen","family":"Alhafez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Berghella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib1","first-page":"2","article-title":"New series of reviews on evidence-based L&D management and cesarean delivery!","author":"Berghella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obstetgynecol.2003.10.011","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin number 49, December 2003: dystocia and augmentation of labor","volume":"102","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0857-4","article-title":"Diagnosing onset of labor: a systematic review of definitions in the research literature","volume":"16","author":"Hanley","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib4","series-title":"Williams obstetrics","author":"Cunningham","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181fdef6e","article-title":"Contemporary patterns of spontaneous labor with normal neonatal outcomes","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib6","article-title":"Evidence-based labor management: before labor (part 1)","volume":"2","author":"Berghella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100136","article-title":"Evidence-based labor management: induction of labor (part 2)","author":"Berghella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib9","first-page":"CD004070","article-title":"Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding group B streptococcal and HIV)","author":"Lumbiganon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib10","first-page":"CD003520","article-title":"Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection","author":"Ohlsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib11","first-page":"CD003651","article-title":"Vaginal disinfection for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection","author":"Wiysonge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"RR-10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease\u2014revised guidelines from CDC, 2010","volume":"59","author":"Verani","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib13","first-page":"CD007467","article-title":"Intrapartum antibiotics for known maternal group B streptococcal colonization","author":"Ohlsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000163","article-title":"Early-onset group B streptococcal disease in the United States: potential for further reduction","volume":"123","author":"Verani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib15","first-page":"e19","article-title":"Prevention of group B streptococcal early-onset disease in newborns: ACOG Committee Opinion, number 782","volume":"134","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30818-5","article-title":"The prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease","volume":"35","author":"Money","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.113875","article-title":"The effectiveness of risk-based intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease","volume":"184","author":"Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00587-5","article-title":"Timing of intrapartum ampicillin and prevention of vertical transmission of group B streptococcus","volume":"91","author":"de Cueto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib19","first-page":"510","article-title":"Efficiency of screening for the recurrence of antenatal group B streptococcus colonization in a subsequent pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis with independent patient data","volume":"33","author":"Turrentine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.12.034","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for term or near-term premature rupture of membranes: metaanalysis of randomized trials","volume":"212","author":"Saccone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.09.010","article-title":"Labour pain control by aromatherapy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib22","first-page":"CD000111","article-title":"Immersion in water during labour and birth","author":"Cluett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001898","article-title":"Less-restrictive food intake during labor in low-risk singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Ciardulli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13121","article-title":"Intravenous fluid rate for reduction of cesarean delivery rate in nulliparous women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Ehsanipoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.07.019","article-title":"Dextrose intravenous fluid therapy in labor reduces the length of the first stage of labor","volume":"228","author":"Riegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib26","first-page":"CD003934","article-title":"Maternal positions and mobility during first stage labour","author":"Lawrence","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2004.00294.x","article-title":"Impact of first-stage ambulation on mode of delivery among women with epidural analgesia","volume":"44","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000156","article-title":"Bladder management with epidural anesthesia during labor: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3109\/01443619609028375","article-title":"Can the frequency of vaginal examinations influence the duration of labour? A prospective randomised study","volume":"16","author":"Abukhalil","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib30","first-page":"1582","article-title":"Effect of lower uterine segment sweeping on progress of labor in nullipara","volume":"84","author":"Chanrachakul","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib31","first-page":"CD005461","article-title":"Effect of partograph use on outcomes for women in spontaneous labour at term and their babies","volume":"8","author":"Lavender","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.09.018","article-title":"Peanut ball for decreasing length of labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"242","author":"Grenvik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib33","first-page":"CD009243","article-title":"Antispasmodics for labour","volume":"2013","author":"Rohwer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib34","first-page":"CD006167","article-title":"Amniotomy for shortening spontaneous labour","author":"Smyth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib35","first-page":"CD007123","article-title":"Oxytocin versus no treatment or delayed treatment for slow progress in the first stage of spontaneous labour","author":"Bugg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib36","first-page":"CD007201","article-title":"High-dose versus low-dose oxytocin for augmentation of delayed labour","author":"Kenyon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib37","first-page":"CD006794","article-title":"Early amniotomy and early oxytocin for prevention of, or therapy for, delay in first stage spontaneous labour compared with routine care","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib38","first-page":"CD006947","article-title":"Internal versus external tocodynamometry during induced or augmented labor","author":"Bakker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14785","article-title":"Influence of ultrasound determination of fetal head position on mode of delivery: a pragmatic randomized trial","volume":"46","author":"Popowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185_bib40","first-page":"550","article-title":"Active phase labor arrest: revisiting the 2-hour minimum","volume":"98","author":"Rouse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933320301294?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933320301294?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T23:46:00Z","timestamp":1762904760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589933320301294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589933320301294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-9333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evidence-based labor management: first stage of\u00a0labor (part 3)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100185","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100185"}}