{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:00:10Z","timestamp":1791000010099,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajogmfm.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]],"date-time":"2021-09-05T17:25:42Z","timestamp":1630862742000},"page":"100479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Prelabor and intrapartum Doppler ultrasound to predict fetal compromise"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7201-0206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Dall'Asta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sailesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.05.046","article-title":"Obstetric Care Consensus #9: levels of maternal care: (replaces Obstetric Care Consensus Number 2, February 2015)","volume":"221","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0002","series-title":"High-risk pregnancy","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1987.tb02314.x","article-title":"Uterine artery blood velocities during contractions in pregnancy and labour related to intrauterine pressure","volume":"94","author":"Janbu","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.094","article-title":"A systematic review of the role of intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia in the causation of neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"199","author":"Graham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0770","article-title":"Patterns of brain injury in neonates exposed to perinatal sentinel events","volume":"121","author":"Okereafor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12017","article-title":"A systematic review of risk factors for cerebral palsy in children born at term in developed countries","volume":"55","author":"McIntyre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00325-X","article-title":"Dynamics of fetal circulatory responses to hypoxia and asphyxia","volume":"84","author":"Jensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006208","article-title":"The importance of cardiac glycogen for the maintenance of life in foetal lambs and newborn animals during anoxia","volume":"146","author":"Dawes","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a069888","article-title":"Glycogen reserves and their changes at birth and in anoxia","volume":"17","author":"Shelley","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0011","series-title":"Fetal growth and development","author":"Harding","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R787","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00001.2014","article-title":"Sustained sympathetic nervous system support of arterial blood pressure during repeated brief umbilical cord occlusions in near-term fetal sheep","volume":"306","author":"Galinsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1987.41","article-title":"Increased brain interstitial fluid adenosine concentration during hypoxia in newborn piglet","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.11.035","article-title":"Elevated uterine activity increases the risk of fetal acidosis at birth","volume":"196","author":"Bakker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60496-7","article-title":"Every newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival","volume":"384","author":"Lawn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0016","first-page":"409","article-title":"No cry at birth: global estimates of intrapartum stillbirths and intrapartum-related neonatal deaths","volume":"83","author":"Lawn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.204","article-title":"Temporal and demographic trends in cerebral palsy\u2013fact and fiction","volume":"188","author":"Clark","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.173252","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction, human placental development and trophoblast cell death","volume":"587","author":"Scifres","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64849-3","article-title":"Onset of maternal arterial blood flow and placental oxidative stress. A possible factor in human early pregnancy failure","volume":"157","author":"Jauniaux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0020","first-page":"283","article-title":"Oxygen measurements in endometrial and trophoblastic tissues during early pregnancy","volume":"80","author":"Rodesch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000262264","article-title":"Effect of gestational age on fetal and intervillous blood gas and acid-base values in human pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Soothill","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fetal Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65240-6","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase inhibition by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester inhibits tumor-induced angiogenesis in mammary tumors","volume":"155","author":"Jadeski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-2862(02)00011-0","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase inhibition by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester retards vascular sprouting in angiogenesis","volume":"65","author":"Kon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2371","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00383.2002","article-title":"Deficiency in endothelial nitric oxide synthase impairs myocardial angiogenesis","volume":"283","author":"Zhao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-2-53","article-title":"The placental problem: linking abnormal cytotrophoblast differentiation to the maternal symptoms of preeclampsia","volume":"2","author":"Fisher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0026","first-page":"322","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression regulated by protein kinase C pathway in endothelial cells during hypoxia","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Space Med Med Eng (Beijing)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0027","first-page":"151","article-title":"Hypoxia down-regulates placenta growth factor, whereas fetal growth restriction up-regulates placenta growth factor expression: molecular evidence for \u201cplacental hyperoxia\u201d in intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"79","author":"Khaliq","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17189","article-title":"Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia","volume":"111","author":"Maynard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91896-X","article-title":"Fetal haemoglobin measurement in the assessment of red cell isoimmunisation","volume":"1","author":"Nicolaides","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0030","first-page":"453","article-title":"Monitoring fetal well-being in labor in late fetal growth restriction","volume":"73","author":"Dall'Asta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14007","article-title":"Intrapartum zigzag pattern of fetal heart rate is an early sign of fetal hypoxia: a large obstetric retrospective cohort study","volume":"100","author":"Tarvonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0032","first-page":"906","article-title":"Factors influencing oxygenation in mother and fetus","volume":"44","author":"Jepson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0033","article-title":"Uteroplacental physiology","volume":"5","author":"Martin","year":"1976","journal-title":"JOGN Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1017\/S0965539500000954","article-title":"Fetal cardiovascular reflex responses to hypoxaemia","volume":"6","author":"Giussani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fetal Matern Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.10.883","article-title":"Correlation of arterial fetal base deficit and lactate changes with severity of variable heart rate decelerations in the near-term ovine fetus","volume":"208","author":"Ross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32243-8","article-title":"Heart rate and blood pressure responses to umbilical cord compression in fetal lambs with special reference to the mechanism of variable deceleration","volume":"147","author":"Itskovitz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.07.032","article-title":"The physiology of intrapartum fetal compromise at term","volume":"222","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91606-B","article-title":"Changes in human fetal cerebral hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation during labor measured by near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"166","author":"Peebles","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.12.015","article-title":"Effects of oxytocin-induced uterine hyperstimulation during labor on fetal oxygen status and fetal heart rate patterns","volume":"199","author":"Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91320-3","article-title":"Comparison of intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation in detecting fetal acidemia at birth","volume":"173","author":"Vintzileos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13181.x","article-title":"Intermittent versus continuous electronic monitoring in labour: a randomised study","volume":"101","author":"Herbst","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7300.1457","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of cardiotocography versus Doppler auscultation of fetal heart at admission in labour in low risk obstetric population","volume":"322","author":"Mires","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-6138(03)00020-2","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of admission electronic fetal monitoring in normal labour","volume":"19","author":"Cheyne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005122.pub4","article-title":"Cardiotocography versus intermittent auscultation of fetal heart on admission to labour ward for assessment of fetal wellbeing","volume":"2","author":"Devane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0045","article-title":"Antenatal cardiotocography for fetal assessment","volume":"9","author":"Grivell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08187.x","article-title":"Inconsistencies in classification by experts of cardiotocograms and subsequent clinical decision","volume":"106","author":"Ayres-de-Campos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20346","article-title":"Biomarkers of impaired placentation at 35-37 weeks\u2019 gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"54","author":"Ciobanou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0048","article-title":"Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour","volume":"2","author":"Alfirevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.019","article-title":"FIGO Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: intermittent auscultation","volume":"131","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0050","first-page":"490","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"99","author":"Resnik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15884","article-title":"Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure","volume":"48","author":"Gordijn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22134","article-title":"ISUOG Practice Guidelines: diagnosis and management of small-for-gestational-age fetus and fetal growth restriction","volume":"56","author":"Lees","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.039","article-title":"The risk of intrauterine fetal death in the small-for-gestational-age fetus","volume":"207","author":"Pilliod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f108","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f108","article-title":"Maternal and fetal risk factors for stillbirth: population based study","volume":"346","author":"Gardosi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.018","article-title":"Fetal Monitoring Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: physiology of fetal oxygenation and the main goals of intrapartum fetal monitoring","volume":"131","author":"Ayres-de-Campos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.02.008","article-title":"Term small-for-gestational-age infants from low-risk women are at significantly greater risk of adverse neonatal outcomes","volume":"218","author":"Madden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0057","article-title":"Symphysial fundal height (SFH) measurement in pregnancy for detecting abnormal fetal growth","volume":"2015","author":"Robert Peter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6378","article-title":"Comparison of fundal height measurement and sonographically measured fetal abdominal circumference in the prediction of high and low birth weight at term","volume":"34","author":"Kayem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23618","article-title":"Routine third-trimester ultrasound for the detection of small-for-gestational age in low-risk pregnancies (ROTTUS study): randomized controlled trial","volume":"57","author":"Wanyonyi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17393","article-title":"Prediction of fetal growth restriction using estimated fetal weight vs a combined screening model in the third trimester","volume":"50","author":"Miranda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.002","article-title":"Screening for fetal growth restriction using fetal biometry combined with maternal biomarkers","volume":"218","author":"Gaccioli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17287","article-title":"Birth weight in live births and stillbirths","volume":"48","author":"Poon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14644","article-title":"Human fetal growth is constrained below optimal for perinatal survival","volume":"45","author":"Vasak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1337741","article-title":"Third trimester growth restriction patterns: individualized assessment using a fetal growth pathology score","volume":"31","author":"Deter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.01.227","article-title":"Prediction of small for gestational age neonates: screening by maternal factors, fetal biometry, and biomarkers at 35-37 weeks\u2019 gestation","volume":"220","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19110","article-title":"Ultrasound fetal weight estimation at term may do more harm than good","volume":"52","author":"Thilaganathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.003","article-title":"Diagnosis and surveillance of late-onset fetal growth restriction","volume":"218","author":"Figueras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14758","article-title":"Are fetuses that fail to achieve their growth potential at increased risk of intrapartum compromise?","volume":"46","author":"Prior","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13319","article-title":"Changes in fetal Doppler indices as a marker of failure to reach growth potential at term","volume":"43","author":"Morales-Rosell\u00f3","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205282109","article-title":"Metabolic hypothesis for human altriciality","volume":"109","author":"Dunsworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03326.x","article-title":"Cerebral Doppler ultrasound of the human fetus","volume":"96","author":"Van den Wijngaard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1992.02060434.x","article-title":"Doppler echocardiographic assessment of fetal cardiac function","volume":"2","author":"Rizzo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13607","article-title":"Brain sparing effect in growth-restricted fetuses is associated with decreased cardiac acceleration and deceleration capacities: a case-control study","volume":"123","author":"Stampalija","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0074","series-title":"In: Nardozza LMM, Araujo J\u00fanior E, Rizzo G, Deter RL, eds. Fetal growth restriction: current evidence and clinical practice. Springer International Publishing. Springer Nature Switzerland","first-page":"139","article-title":"Doppler diagnosis","author":"Dall'Asta","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199203000-00018","article-title":"Cerebral-umbilical Doppler ratio as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"79","author":"Gramellini","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20","article-title":"The cerebroplacental Doppler ratio revisited","volume":"21","author":"Baschat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.11.016","article-title":"Prediction of intrapartum fetal compromise using the cerebroumbilical ratio: a prospective observational study","volume":"208","author":"Prior","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.05.024","article-title":"The importance of the cerebroplacental ratio in the evaluation of fetal well-being in SGA and AGA fetuses","volume":"213","author":"DeVore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000292","article-title":"Prediction of fetal compromise in labor","volume":"123","author":"Prior","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14647","article-title":"Poor neonatal acid-base status in term fetuses with low cerebroplacental ratio","volume":"45","author":"Morales-Rosell\u00f3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.02.005","article-title":"Is cerebroplacental ratio a marker of impaired fetal growth velocity and adverse pregnancy outcome?","volume":"216","author":"Khalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17542","article-title":"Cerebroplacental ratio thresholds measured within 2 weeks before birth and risk of cesarean section for intrapartum fetal compromise and adverse neonatal outcome","volume":"52","author":"Bligh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14822","article-title":"Umbilical and fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler at 30-34 weeks\u2019 gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"45","author":"Bakalis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.10.013","article-title":"The association between fetal Doppler and admission to neonatal unit at term","volume":"213","author":"Khalil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19113","article-title":"Cerebroplacental ratio assessment in early labor in uncomplicated term pregnancy and prediction of adverse perinatal outcome: prospective multicenter study","volume":"53","author":"Dall'Asta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.03.026","article-title":"Evaluation of the cerebroplacental ratio in early labor in low-risk population","volume":"223","author":"Dall'Asta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14842","article-title":"Umbilical and fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler at 35-37 weeks\u2019 gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"46","author":"Akolekar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.002","article-title":"Routine assessment of cerebroplacental ratio at 35-37 weeks\u2019 gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"221","author":"Akolekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19117","article-title":"Predictive accuracy of cerebroplacental ratio for adverse perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes in suspected fetal growth restriction: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084186","article-title":"Molecular pathways of cellular senescence and placental aging in late fetal growth restriction and stillbirth","volume":"22","author":"Kajdy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.10.022","article-title":"Risk of operative delivery for intrapartum fetal compromise in small-for-gestational-age fetuses at term: an internally validated prediction model","volume":"218","author":"Kalafat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12979","article-title":"Development of a cross-validated model for predicting emergency cesarean for intrapartum fetal compromise at term","volume":"148","author":"Flatley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7730","article-title":"Longitudinal reference ranges for umbilical vein blood flow at a free loop of the umbilical cord","volume":"36","author":"Flo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.08.042","article-title":"Umbilical venous flow rate in term fetuses: can variations in flow predict intrapartum compromise?","volume":"210","author":"Prior","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15729","article-title":"Value of third-trimester cerebroplacental ratio and uterine artery Doppler indices as predictors of stillbirth and perinatal loss","volume":"47","author":"Khalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000499483","article-title":"Does uterine Doppler add information to the cerebroplacental ratio for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome at the end of pregnancy?","volume":"47","author":"Morales-Rosell\u00f3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.18981","article-title":"Prelabor screening for intrapartum fetal compromise in low-risk pregnancies at term: cerebroplacental ratio and placental growth factor","volume":"52","author":"Bligh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19191","article-title":"Using cerebroplacental ratio in non-SGA fetuses to predict adverse perinatal outcome: caution is required","volume":"52","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2005.00390.x","article-title":"Antenatal antecedents of moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in term infants\u2013a regional review","volume":"45","author":"West","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.06.027","article-title":"Neonatal encephalopathy and the association to asphyxia in labor","volume":"211","author":"Jonsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31930-5","article-title":"Short-term and long-term effects of caesarean section on the health of women and children","volume":"392","author":"Sandall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14820","article-title":"Perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality among term singletons following midcavity operative vaginal delivery versus caesarean delivery","volume":"125","author":"Muraca","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12068","article-title":"Causal pathways in cerebral palsy","volume":"49","author":"Badawi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007248","article-title":"Perinatal consequences of a category 1 caesarean section at term","volume":"5","author":"Grace","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01020-X","article-title":"Stillbirths: recall to action in high-income countries","volume":"387","author":"Flenady","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61698-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000-13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis","volume":"385","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32394-8","article-title":"Stemming the global caesarean section epidemic","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30568-8","article-title":"Computerised interpretation of fetal heart rate during labour (INFANT): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"389","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000116.pub5","article-title":"Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour","author":"Neilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100814-125620","article-title":"Placenta: the forgotten organ","volume":"31","author":"Maltepe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5611","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274937","article-title":"The peripheral chemoreflex: indefatigable guardian of fetal physiological adaptation to labour","volume":"596","author":"Lear","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.58.3.5","article-title":"Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: molecular regulation to clinical use","volume":"58","author":"Bender","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092535","article-title":"Prenatal amino acid supplementation to improve fetal growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Terstappen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz015","article-title":"Perspective: L-arginine and L-citrulline supplementation in pregnancy: a potential strategy to improve birth outcomes in low-resource settings","volume":"10","author":"Weckman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09690","article-title":"Sildenafil during pregnancy: a preclinical meta-analysis on fetal growth and maternal blood pressure","volume":"70","author":"Paauw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.03.005","article-title":"Sildenafil citrate decreases sFlt-1 and sEng in pregnant L-NAME treated Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"157","author":"Ramesar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1831","article-title":"Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) enhances vasodilatation in fetal growth restriction","volume":"90","author":"Wareing","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.01.025","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate to reduce operative birth for intrapartum fetal compromise at term: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial","volume":"222","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.11.003","article-title":"Changes in maternal placental growth factor levels during term labour","volume":"61","author":"Dunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.05.030","article-title":"Oral sildenafil citrate during labor mitigates the intrapartum decline in placental growth factor in term pregnancies","volume":"223","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.09.042","article-title":"Changes in fetoplacental Doppler indices following intrapartum maternal sildenafil citrate treatment","volume":"254","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.10.036","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants following intrapartum maternal oral sildenafil citrate treatment","volume":"224","author":"Turner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933321001749?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933321001749?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T23:49:10Z","timestamp":1762904950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589933321001749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589933321001749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-9333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prelabor and intrapartum Doppler ultrasound to predict fetal compromise","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100479","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100479"}}