{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:32:55Z","timestamp":1793766775749,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":325,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012424","name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AA013525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AA013525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007911","name":"University of California, San Diego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajogmfm.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T12:53:25Z","timestamp":1641214405000},"page":"100559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Differences in outpatient, emergency, and inpatient use among pregnant women with a substance-related diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasia S.","family":"Courchesne-Krak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3182-6131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne","family":"Kepner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Rubano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3909-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Marienfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v40n02_06","article-title":"Access to women's health care: a qualitative study of barriers perceived by homeless women","volume":"40","author":"Gelberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7645.1","article-title":"Substance use during pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Forray","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14671","article-title":"Association of alcohol and other substance-related diagnoses with severe maternal morbidity","volume":"45","author":"Courchesne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2018.1.35630","article-title":"Substance use in pregnant women using the emergency department: undertested and overlooked?","volume":"19","author":"Moyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01345-8","article-title":"Comorbidity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"387","author":"Popova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2190-y","article-title":"The prevalence and impact of substance use disorder and treatment on maternal obstetric experiences and birth outcomes among singleton deliveries in Massachusetts","volume":"21","author":"Kotelchuck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.040","article-title":"Prenatal health care beyond the obstetrics service: utilization and predictors of unscheduled care","volume":"198","author":"Magriples","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0594-7","article-title":"Complex calculations: how drug use during pregnancy becomes a barrier to prenatal care","volume":"15","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12659","article-title":"Screening women for at-risk alcohol use: an introduction to screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) in women's health","volume":"62","author":"Shogren","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2010.02.003","article-title":"Women's perspectives on screening for alcohol and drug use in prenatal care","volume":"20","author":"Roberts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2019.1614233","article-title":"Ask them all: self-report universal prenatal substance use screening in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Elertson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Subst Use"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-011-9247-x","article-title":"Universal screening for alcohol and drug use and racial disparities in child protective services reporting","volume":"39","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.815","article-title":"Validity of maternal report of prenatal alcohol, cocaine, and smoking in relation to neurobehavioral outcome","volume":"109","author":"Jacobson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.12.1726","article-title":"Custody of cocaine-exposed newborns: determinants of discharge decisions","volume":"83","author":"Neuspiel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1379","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3525","article-title":"Infant race affects application of clinical guidelines when screening for drugs of abuse in newborns","volume":"125","author":"Ellsworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.09.004","article-title":"Disparities in outpatient visits for mental health and\/or substance use disorders during the COVID surge and partial reopening in Massachusetts","volume":"67","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124552","article-title":"Predictors of frequent emergency room visits among a homeless population","volume":"10","author":"Thakarar","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2012.02.003","article-title":"Alcohol and drug use disorders among adults in emergency department settings in the United States","volume":"60","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.08.003","article-title":"Unmet substance abuse treatment need, health services utilization, and cost: a population-based emergency department study","volume":"45","author":"Rockett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107817","article-title":"Variables associated with low, moderate and high emergency department use among patients with substance-related disorders","volume":"207","author":"Penzenstadler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.04.011","article-title":"The impact of substance use disorders on the course of schizophrenia\u2013a 15-year follow-up study: dual diagnosis over 15 years","volume":"130","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-013-9323-5","article-title":"Hospital readmission among Medicaid patients with an index hospitalization for mental and\/or substance use disorder","volume":"40","author":"Mark","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0023","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0024","first-page":"147","article-title":"A comparative study of obstetric complications among primigravida and multigravida attending labour room of a tertiary care hospital","volume":"5","author":"Baruah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Basic Appl Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/014436103000074664","article-title":"The changing trend in the rate of caesarean section at a teaching hospital","volume":"23","author":"Saleh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.183","article-title":"Number of prenatal visits and pregnancy outcomes in low-risk women","volume":"36","author":"Carter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0027","unstructured":"National Institute of Mental Health. Mental Illness. 2019. Available at:https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/mental-illness. Accessed March 23, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.07.007","article-title":"Epidemiology of maternal morbidity and mortality","volume":"41","author":"Hirshberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0029","first-page":"41","article-title":"Factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care among pregnant women: a literature review","volume":"2","author":"Aziz Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2020.05.011","article-title":"Communication practices of healthcare professionals when caring for overweight\/obese pregnant women: a scoping review","volume":"103","author":"Dieterich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E21","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd15.170397","article-title":"Obstetric outcomes and delivery-related health care utilization and costs among pregnant women with multiple chronic conditions","volume":"15","author":"Admon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000377","article-title":"Psychiatric emergencies in pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"61","author":"Rodriguez-Cabezas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.06.020","article-title":"Emergency department use in the perinatal period: an opportunity for early intervention","volume":"70","author":"Malik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0035","article-title":"Emergency department use among postpartum women with mental health disorders","volume":"3","author":"Pluym","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1463366","article-title":"Maternal factors influencing late entry into prenatal care: a stratified analysis by race or ethnicity and insurance status","volume":"32","author":"Baer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0037","first-page":"457","article-title":"[Pregnant women and mothers using alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs]","volume":"77","author":"Nechansk\u00e1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ceska Gynekol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.10.010","article-title":"Clinical care for opioid-using pregnant and postpartum women: the role of obstetric providers","volume":"210","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-200615","article-title":"Impact of maternal medication for opioid use disorder on neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants treated for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome","volume":"14","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0040","series-title":"Caring for pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder","first-page":"203","article-title":"Treating opioid use disorder in general medical settings","author":"Wakeman","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0041","series-title":"Courchesne NS, Meyers SA. Women and pregnancy","first-page":"259","article-title":"Absolute addiction psychiatry review","author":"Marienfeld","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.000300377.82722.ad","article-title":"Hospitalizations with amphetamine abuse among pregnant women","volume":"111","author":"Cox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.927427","article-title":"Risk factors for perinatal mortality in patients admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of placental abruption","volume":"28","author":"Atkinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.106450","article-title":"Substance use measures among women in early pregnancy","volume":"183","author":"Markovic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s13669-019-0255-9","article-title":"Caring for pregnant women with opioid use disorder","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.07.013","article-title":"Efficacy of additional psychosocial intervention in reducing low birth weight and preterm birth in teenage pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Sukhato","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885","article-title":"The REporting of studies conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) statement","volume":"12","author":"Benchimol","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.2899","article-title":"The use of the international classification of diseases, tenth revision, clinical modification and procedure classification system in clinical and health services research: the devil is in the details","volume":"154","author":"Utter","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S258993332100255X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S258993332100255X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T23:49:44Z","timestamp":1762904984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S258993332100255X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S258993332100255X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-9333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Differences in outpatient, emergency, and inpatient use among pregnant women with a substance-related diagnosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100559","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100559"}}