{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T23:56:37Z","timestamp":1762905397390,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM130420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM130420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajogmfm.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T18:10:13Z","timestamp":1674670213000},"page":"100879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of the \u201c39-week rule\u201d on adverse pregnancy outcomes: a statewide analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6239-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Caroline","family":"Cochrane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Batson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Aragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Bedenbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Self","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katheryn","family":"Isham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kacey Y.","family":"Eichelberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.08.002","article-title":"Adverse neonatal outcomes: examining the risks between preterm, late preterm, and term infants","volume":"199","author":"Bastek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.08.068","article-title":"Neonatal and maternal outcomes associated with elective term delivery","volume":"200","author":"Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803267","article-title":"Timing of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term and neonatal outcomes","volume":"360","author":"Tita","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31819b5c8c","article-title":"Women and Newborn Clinical Integration Program. Decreasing elective deliveries before 39 weeks of gestation in an integrated health care system","volume":"113","author":"Oshiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181b48ef5","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 107: induction of labor","volume":"114","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0006","unstructured":"Non Payment Policy for Deliveries Prior to 39 weeks: Birth Outcomes Initiative. South Carolina Health Connections Medicaid. December 2012. https:\/\/www.scdhhs.gov\/press-release\/non-payment-policy-deliveries-prior-39-weeks-birth-outcomes-initiative. Accessed June 12, 2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0b013e3182069e12","article-title":"Implementation of a system-wide policy for labor induction","volume":"36","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2011","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-15-S1-A9","article-title":"The 39-week rule and term stillbirth: beneficence, autonomy, and the ethics of the current restrictions on early-term labor induction in the US","volume":"15","author":"Nicholson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182319c58","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes after implementation of guidelines limiting elective delivery before 39 weeks of gestation","volume":"118","author":"Ehrenthal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607042","article-title":"Risk of expectant management and optimal timing of delivery in low-risk term pregnancies: a population-based study","volume":"35","author":"Vilchez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001109","article-title":"A multi-state analysis of early-term delivery trends and the association with term stillbirth","volume":"126","author":"Little","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001152","article-title":"Trends in stillbirth by gestational age in the United States, 2006-2012","volume":"126","author":"MacDorman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182078115","article-title":"Timing of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term and maternal perioperative outcomes","volume":"117","author":"Tita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal outcomes of elective induction of labor","volume":"176","author":"Caughey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211560","article-title":"Maternal complications of pregnancy increase beyond 40 weeks of gestation in low-risk women","volume":"26","author":"Caughey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.03.032","article-title":"The fourth trimester: a critical transition period with unmet maternal health needs","volume":"217","author":"Tully","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0017","first-page":"30","article-title":"The fourth trimester of pregnancy: committing to maternal health and well-being postpartum","volume":"101","author":"Spelke","year":"2018","journal-title":"R I Med J (2013)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent declines in induction of labor by gestational age","volume":"155","author":"Osterman","year":"2014","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23529","article-title":"Early-term deliveries as an independent risk factor for long-term respiratory morbidity of the offspring","volume":"52","author":"Walfisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12342","article-title":"Early term deliveries and the risk of pediatric obstructive sleep apnoea in the offspring","volume":"31","author":"Walfisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.046","article-title":"Elective induction of labor at 39 weeks compared with expectant management: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"221","author":"Grobman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0022","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"122","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800566","article-title":"Labor induction versus expectant management in low-risk nulliparous women","volume":"379","author":"Grobman","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.01.026","article-title":"Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery","volume":"210","author":"Caughey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002841","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 198: prevention and management of obstetric lacerations at vaginal delivery","volume":"132","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.14774","article-title":"Variation in and factors associated with use of episiotomy","volume":"313","author":"Friedman","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14553","article-title":"Trends in operative vaginal delivery, 2005-2013: a population-based study","volume":"124","author":"Merriam","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2016.06.006","article-title":"Estimation of blood loss is inaccurate and unreliable","volume":"160","author":"Rothermel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1522-1","article-title":"Visual estimation versus gravimetric measurement of postpartum blood loss: a prospective cohort study","volume":"283","author":"Al Kadri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009022","article-title":"Maternal cigarette smoking as a risk factor for placental abruption, placenta previa, and uterine bleeding in pregnancy","volume":"144","author":"Ananth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.8.771","article-title":"Placental abruption among singleton and twin births in the United States: risk factor profiles","volume":"153","author":"Ananth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000239439.04364.9a","article-title":"Placental abruption","volume":"108","author":"Oyelese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000428648.75548.00","article-title":"ACOG committee opinion no. 560: medically indicated late-preterm and early-term deliveries","volume":"121","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0034","unstructured":"University of South Carolina South Carolina. The Economic and Social Implications of the Growing Latino Population in South Carolina : A Study. Columbia S.C: South Carolina Commission for Minority Affairs; 2007. http:\/\/www.statelibrary.sc.gov\/scedocs\/M666\/000693.pdf. Accessed June 12, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0035","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. Quick facts: South Carolina. Population estimates - race and Hispanic origin. 2018. Available at: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/sc#qf-headnote-b. Accessed June 12, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001628","article-title":"Health care disparity and state-specific pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 2005-2014","volume":"128","author":"Moaddab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31821769ed","article-title":"Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1998 to 2005","volume":"117","author":"Berg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933323000216?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933323000216?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T23:50:42Z","timestamp":1762905042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589933323000216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589933323000216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9333"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2589-9333"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of the \u201c39-week rule\u201d on adverse pregnancy outcomes: a statewide analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100879","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100879"}}