{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T03:21:56Z","timestamp":1793762516602,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]],"date-time":"2024-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711238400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":328,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD084819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD084819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD099197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD099197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajogmfm.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T02:44:44Z","timestamp":1677984284000},"page":"100917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Racial\/ethnic disparities in costs, length of stay, and severity of severe maternal morbidity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4353-3507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire M.","family":"Phibbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandria","family":"Kristensen-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy B.","family":"Kozhimannil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Lorch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott K.","family":"Main","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan K.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciaran S.","family":"Phibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2019","volume":"70","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0714","article-title":"Why do hundreds of US women die annually in childbirth?","volume":"321","author":"Slomski","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoyert DL, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics health E-stats. Matern Mortal Rates United States 2020.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/hestat\/maternal-mortality\/2020\/maternal-mortality-rates-2020.htm. Accessed June 9, 2022.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:113967"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.019","article-title":"Black-white differences in severe maternal morbidity and site of care","volume":"214","author":"Howell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0005","series-title":"Severe maternal morbidity in the United States","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.36148","article-title":"Assessment of incidence and factors associated with severe maternal morbidity after delivery discharge among women in the US","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0007","series-title":"How does CDC identify severe maternal morbidity?","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002432","article-title":"Estimating the hospital delivery costs associated with severe maternal morbidity in New York City, 2008-2012","volume":"131","author":"Howland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.00735","article-title":"Neighborhood racial and economic polarization, hospital of delivery, and severe maternal morbidity","volume":"39","author":"Janevic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2019.02.007","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity prevalence and trends","volume":"33","author":"Leonard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0011","article-title":"Maternal outcomes by race during postpartum readmissions","volume":"220","author":"Aziz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.08.041","article-title":"Birth hospitalization costs and days of care for mothers and neonates in California, 2009-2011","volume":"204","author":"Phibbs","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1997.1448","article-title":"Vital statistics linked birth\/infant death and hospital discharge record linkage for epidemiological studies","volume":"30","author":"Herrchen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comput Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0014","series-title":"Hospital annual financial data","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000410","article-title":"Professional fee ratios for US hospital discharge data","volume":"53","author":"Peterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0016","unstructured":"Crawford M, Church J, Akin B, editors. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2017 Producer Price Index. Available at:https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/archives\/ppi_01112018.htm. Accessed April 23, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12612","article-title":"Adjusting health expenditures for inflation: a review of measures for health services research in the United States","volume":"53","author":"Dunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2021.12.006","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of the costs of severe maternal morbidity","volume":"32","author":"Phibbs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182a603bb","article-title":"Development of a comorbidity index for use in obstetric patients","volume":"122","author":"Bateman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.04.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of racial\/ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity and mortality","volume":"41","author":"Holdt Somer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.072975","article-title":"The black-white disparity in pregnancy-related mortality from 5 conditions: differences in prevalence and case-fatality rates","volume":"97","author":"Tucker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8882","article-title":"Social and structural determinants of health inequities in maternal health","volume":"30","author":"Crear-Perry","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X","article-title":"Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions","volume":"389","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.02.013","article-title":"Health care experiences of pregnant, birthing and postnatal women of color at risk for preterm birth","volume":"201","author":"McLemore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.11.004","article-title":"Measuring severe maternal morbidity: validation of potential measures","volume":"214","author":"Main","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933323000599?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933323000599?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T23:51:12Z","timestamp":1762905072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589933323000599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589933323000599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-9333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in costs, length of stay, and severity of severe maternal morbidity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100917","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100917"}}