{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:16:33Z","timestamp":1787613393126,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajogmfm.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T06:22:18Z","timestamp":1718432538000},"page":"101402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Minimizing tearing during vaginal delivery with a perineal protection device: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2703-1953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Leijonhufvud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"Ignell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001-6349.2001.10182.x","article-title":"A prospective observational study on tears during vaginal delivery: occurrences and risk factors","volume":"81","author":"Samuelsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12267","article-title":"Midwives\u2019 management during the second stage of labor in relation to second-degree tears\u2014an experimental study","volume":"44","author":"Edqvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2010.01037.x","article-title":"Complete rupture of anal sphincter in primiparas: long-term effects and subsequent delivery","volume":"90","author":"Wegnelius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.026","article-title":"Obstetric perineal ruptures\u2014risk of anal incontinence among primiparous women 12 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study","volume":"222","author":"Gommesen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2008.00222.x","article-title":"Tears in the vagina, perineum, sphincter ani, and rectum and first sexual intercourse after childbirth: a nationwide follow-up","volume":"35","author":"R\u00e5destad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-021-05029-w","article-title":"Sexual function in primiparous women: a prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Dahlgren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032368","article-title":"Obstetric perineal tears, sexual function and dyspareunia among primiparous women 12 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Gommesen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91799-8","article-title":"Pelvic floor dysfunction one year after first childbirth in relation to perineal tear severity","volume":"11","author":"Huber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.06.086","article-title":"Obstetric risk factors for symptomatic prolapse: a population-based approach","volume":"194","author":"Tegerstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.06.005","article-title":"Evaluation of postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia\u2014a prospective study","volume":"137","author":"Andrews","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0011","series-title":"Second degree tears (Bristning vid f\u00f6rlossning Grad 2 \u2013 \u00c5rsrapport Fr\u00e5n GynOp-Registret Avseende Operationer Utf\u00f6rda \u00c5r 2021)","author":"Uustal","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0012","unstructured":"F\u00f6rlossningsbristningar (perineal tears). Statens Beredning f\u00f6r Medicinsk och Social Utv\u00e4rdering (SBU). 2021. Available at:https:\/\/www.sbu.se\/sv\/publikationer\/SBU-utvarderar\/forlossningsbristningar\u2013diagnostik-samt-erfarenheter-av-bemotande-och-information\/. Accessed February 7, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0013","article-title":"Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma","volume":"6","author":"Aasheim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181eda77a","article-title":"A multicenter interventional program to reduce the incidence of anal sphincter tears","volume":"116","author":"Hals","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002841","article-title":"Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG practice bulletin no. 198: prevention and management of obstetric lacerations at vaginal delivery","volume":"132","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.07.006","article-title":"A perineal protection device designed to protect the perineum during labor: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"181","author":"Lavesson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0017","unstructured":"Sequence generator. RANDOM, ORG. Available at: https:\/\/www.random.org\/sequences\/?mode=advanced. Accessed June 29, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2020.1754185","article-title":"Analgesic use after vaginal delivery in women with perineal lacerations: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Hawkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-18","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"8","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-021-04700-6","article-title":"Posterior compartment symptoms in primiparous women 1 year after non-assisted vaginal deliveries: a Swedish cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Rotstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05428.x","article-title":"Effects of perineal trauma on postpartum sexual function","volume":"66","author":"Rathfisch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00799.x","article-title":"Occult anal sphincter injuries\u2014myth or reality?","volume":"113","author":"Andrews","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1619686","article-title":"Hands-on versus hands-off techniques for the prevention of perineal trauma during vaginal delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"34","author":"Pierce-Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1512574","article-title":"Perineal massage during labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Aquino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.06.011","article-title":"Warm perineal compresses during the second stage of labor for reducing perineal trauma: a meta-analysis","volume":"240","author":"Magoga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0026","series-title":"Handgrepp under vaginal f\u00f6rlossning f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rhindra fysiska skador hos kvinnan (Manual perineal support during vaginal birth to prevent physical injury to women)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2021.1946021","article-title":"Effect of lubricant gel on the length of the first stage of labour and perineal trauma in primiparous women","volume":"42","author":"Azarkish","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2008.024","article-title":"Obstetric gel shortens second stage of labor and prevents perineal trauma in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial on labor facilitation","volume":"36","author":"Schaub","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1114079","article-title":"The impact of obstetric gel on the second stage of labor and perineal integrity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Ashwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04964-w","article-title":"Development and initial validation of a Swedish inventory to screen for symptoms of deficient perineum in women after vaginal childbirth: \u2018Karolinska Symptoms After perineal Tear Inventory.\u2019 BMC","volume":"22","author":"Rotstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pregnancy Childbirth"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933324001289?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589933324001289?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T23:07:59Z","timestamp":1726700879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589933324001289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589933324001289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-9333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Minimizing tearing during vaginal delivery with a perineal protection device: a randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2024.101402","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101402"}}